Brown County, Wisconsin

{{about|the county in Wisconsin|other counties of the same name in other states|Brown County (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox U.S. county

| county = Brown County

| state = Wisconsin

| seal =

| founded year = 1818

| founded date =

| seat wl = Green Bay

| largest city wl = Green Bay

| area_total_sq_mi = 616

| area_land_sq_mi = 530

| area_water_sq_mi = 86

| area percentage = 14

| population_as_of = 2020

| population_total = 268740

| pop_est_as_of = 2023

| population_est = 271417 {{gain}}

| density_sq_mi = auto

| web = www.browncountywi.gov

| ex image = Brown County Courthouse Aerial.jpg

| ex image cap = Brown County Courthouse in Green Bay

| time zone = Central

| named for = Jacob Brown

| district = 8th }}

Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 268,740,{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/55009.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606145032/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/55009.html|archive-date=June 6, 2011|url-status=dead}} making it the fourth-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Green Bay.{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }} Brown County is part of the Green Bay, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

{{CSS image crop

|Image = Tourist's Pocket Map Of Michigan (Samuel Augustus Mitchell, 1835).jpg

|bSize = 750

|cWidth = 190

|cHeight = 370

|oTop = 180

|oLeft = 58

|Location = right

|Description = Wisconsin Territory depicted on this 1835 Tourist's Pocket Map Of Michigan, showing a Menominee-filled Brown County, Wisconsin that spans the northern half of the territory.

}}

Brown County is one of Wisconsin's two original counties, along with Crawford County. It originally spanned the entire eastern half of the state when formed by the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1818.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} It was named for Major General Jacob Brown, a military leader during the War of 1812.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 | title=History of the Origin of the Place Names in Nine Northwestern States | year=1908 | pages=12}}{{cite news|title=Here's How Iron Got Its Name |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/909510/wisconsin_county_names/|newspaper=The Rhinelander Daily News|date=June 16, 1932|page=2|via = Newspapers.com|access-date = August 24, 2014 }} {{Open access}}

Several towns along the Fox River vied for the position of county seat in Brown County's early years. The first county seat was located at Menomoneeville (now a part of Allouez) in 1824. In 1837, a public referendum relocated the county seat to De Pere. The location was put up for the popular vote again in 1854, resulting in the establishment of the present county seat at Green Bay.{{cite book |title=History of Northern Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development, and resources... |date=1881 |publisher=Western Historical Company |location=Chicago |page=103 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnorther00west/ |access-date=July 9, 2022}}

The oldest known tree in Wisconsin, a 1,300 year-old cedar growing on the Niagara Escarpment, was found in Brown County.[https://www.wausaudailyherald.com/story/news/2019/04/22/oldest-tree-wisconsin-1300-year-old-red-cedar-niagara-escarpment-brown-county-greenleaf-doug-larson/3428841002/ The oldest known tree in Wisconsin is a 1,300-year-old cedar growing from a cliff]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|616|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|530|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|86|sqmi}} (14%) is water.{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 2, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}

=Major highways=

valign=top

=Railroads=

=Buses=

Green Bay Metro

Climate

{{climate chart

| Brown County

| -13| -8| 62

| -11| -6| 62

| -8| 1| 66

| 1| 16| 141

| 7| 20| 105

| 14| 24| 106

| 16| 28| 108

| 15| 27| 88

| 12| 22| 72

| 5| 12| 121

| -2| 5| 68

| -11| -5| 61

|float=left

|clear=left

|source = {{Cite web|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date= January 30, 2016|publisher= NASA|archive-date= November 28, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171128214629/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|url-status= dead}}

}}

Demographics

=Birth related statistics=

In 2017, there were 3,324 births, giving a general fertility rate of 65.6 births per 1000 women aged 15–44, which is above the Wisconsin average of 60.1.{{Cite web |url=https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publication/p01161-2019-tb.xlsx |title=Annual Wisconsin Birth and Infant Mortality Report, 2017 P-01161-19 (June 2019): Detailed Tables |access-date=June 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619175940/https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publication/p01161-2019-tb.xlsx |archive-date=June 19, 2019 |url-status=dead }} Additionally, there were 168 reported induced abortions performed on women of Brown County residence, with a rate of 3.3 abortions per 1000 women aged 15–44, which is below the Wisconsin average rate of 5.2.[https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p45360-17.pdf Reported Induced Abortions in Wisconsin], Office of Health Informatics, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Section: Trend Information, 2013-2017, Table 18, pages 17-18

{{US Census population

|1840= 2107

|1850= 6215

|1860= 11795

|1870= 25168

|1880= 34078

|1890= 39164

|1900= 46359

|1910= 54098

|1920= 61889

|1930= 70249

|1940= 83109

|1950= 98314

|1960= 125082

|1970= 158244

|1980= 175280

|1990= 194594

|2000= 226778

|2010= 248007

|2020= 268740

|estref={{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/browncountywisconsin/POP010220.html/|title=County Population Totals: 2010-2020|access-date=August 16, 2021}}

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 2, 2015}}
1790–1960{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=August 2, 2015}} 1900–1990{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/wi190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=August 2, 2015}}
1990–2000{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=August 2, 2015}} 2010–2020

}}

=2020 census=

As of the census of 2020,{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: Brown County, Wisconsin |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US55009&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=July 2, 2022}} the population was 268,740. The population density was {{convert|507.0|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}. There were 112,908 housing units at an average density of {{convert|213.0|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 79.2% White, 3.2% Asian, 3.1% Black or African American, 2.8% Native American, 4.4% from other races, and 7.2% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 9.8% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

=2010 census=

At the 2010 census there were 248,007 people, 98,383 households, and 63,721 families living in the county. The population density was {{convert|403|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}. There were 104,371 housing units at an average density of {{convert|170|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 86.5% White, 2.2% Black or African American, 2.7% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.0004% Pacific Islander, 3.7% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 7.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website }}

Of the 98,383 households 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 27.7% of households were one person and 8.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.02.

The age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% 65 or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.70 males.

=2000 census=

At the 2000 census there were 226,778 people, 87,295 households, and 57,527 families living in the county. The population density was {{convert|429|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}. There were 90,199 housing units at an average density of {{convert|171|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 91.14% White, 1.16% Black or African American, 2.29% Native American, 2.18% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.90% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 3.84% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 33.8% were of German, 8.9% Polish, 7.8% Belgian and 6.8% Irish ancestry. 93.2% spoke only English at home, 3.8% spoke Spanish and 1.2% Hmong.

Of the 87,295 households 33.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.20% were married couples living together, 8.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.10% were non-families. 26.50% of households were one person and 8.40% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.08.

The age distribution was 26.10% under the age of 18, 10.50% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 20.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.70% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.90 males.

Government

The legislative branch of Brown County is the 26-member Board of Supervisors. Each member represents a single district and serves a two-year term, with elections held in the spring of even-numbered years. The Board of Supervisors elects a Chairman and Vice Chairman from its membership.

The executive branch of Brown County is the County Executive, who is elected in the spring of every other odd-numbered year. The executive appoints department heads with the approval of the County Board. The current county executive is Troy Streckenbach.

Brown County has several other elected officials that are established under the Wisconsin State constitution and are referred to as the "constitutional officers". Constitutional officers are the only partisan elected officials within Brown County government, as the Executive and County Board are non-partisan positions.

The current constitutional officers are:

County Executive: Troy Streckenbach (Independent)
Clerk: Sandy Juno (R)
Clerk of Circuit Courts: John Vander Leest (R)
District Attorney: David L. Lasee (R)
Register of Deeds: Cheryl Berken (R)
Sheriff: Todd Delain (R)
Treasurer: Paul Zeller (R)

In July 2002, the county declared English its official language, voting 17–8 to do so and to increase spending to promote fluency in English.

Communities

Image:BrownCountyArenaMay2007.jpg]]

File:BrownCountyWisconsinBarnFarmlandSpringWIS96.jpg

File:Neville Public Museum Dinosaur Sculpture Re-dedication.JPG, Brown County Neville Museum Director, and Mayor Jim Schmitt of Green Bay in front of the dinosaur sculpture.]]

=Cities=

De Pere
Green Bay (county seat)

=Villages=

Allouez
Ashwaubenon
Bellevue
Denmark
Hobart
Howard (partly in Outagamie County)
Pulaski (partly in Shawano County and Oconto County)
Suamico
Wrightstown (partly in Outagamie County)

=Towns=

=Census-designated places=

=Unincorporated communities=

=Native American communities=

Oneida Nation of Wisconsin (partial)

=Ghost towns/Neighborhoods=

Adjacent counties

Oconto County – north
Door County – northeast, shares a short water border within Green Bay
Kewaunee County – east
Manitowoc County – southeast
Calumet County – southwest
Outagamie County – west
Shawano County – northwest

File:ISS054-E-8026.jpg

Green Bay, center, is the seat of Brown County. The city of Oconto (half cut off at the bottom right) is the county seat of Oconto County. Slightly above and much further right of Oconto is Oconto Falls, also in Oconto County. The somewhat larger city above Oconto Falls is Pulaski, which is in Brown County at the very border with Shawano County. Shawano County extends between Pulaski and past the edge of the photograph.

The large city in the top right is Appleton, the county seat of Outagamie County. To the left of Appleton and across the northern edge of Lake Winnebago is Brillion in Calumet County.

The village directly to the left of Green Bay and its immediate suburbs is Denmark, in Brown County. The smaller communities above and slightly to the left of Denmark (including Cooperstown, Maribel, and Kellnersville) are in Manitowoc County.

Luxembourg (larger village in lower left) and Casco (half cut off at lower far left) are in Kewaunee County.

Politics

Since 1968, Brown County has voted for the Republican presidential candidate in all but two elections, 1996 and 2008. Democratic strength is concentrated in the city of Green Bay, while the suburban and rural areas typically vote Republican.{{cite news |last1=BeMiller |first1=Haley |last2=Bollier |first2=Jeff |title=Green Bay pads Biden's lead in Wisconsin as Brown County overall goes for Trump |url=https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/2020/11/04/election-2020-all-eyes-green-bay-presidential-race-too-close-call/6158242002/ |access-date=December 5, 2020 |agency=Green Bay Press Gazette |date=November 4, 2020}}

{{PresHead|place=Brown County, Wisconsin|source={{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=November 9, 2020}}}}

{{PresRow|1924|Progressive (Wisconsin)|7,611|2,328|10,141|Wisconsin}}

Education

School districts include:{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st55_wi/schooldistrict_maps/c55009_brown/DC20SD_C55009.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Brown County, WI|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2024-10-21}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st55_wi/schooldistrict_maps/c55009_brown/DC20SD_C55009_SD2MS.txt Text list]

References

External links

[http://www.browncountywi.gov Brown County website]
[http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/travel/road/hwy-maps/county-maps/brown.pdf Brown County map] from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation
[http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.NicoletLocHist Northeast Wisconsin Historical County Plat Maps & Atlases]
Old plat maps: [https://www.loc.gov/resource/g4123b.la001412/?r=-0.198,0.161,1.528,1.181,0 1870] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/21212/rec/2 1875] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/23374/rec/4 1889] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/14224/rec/14 1900] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/1788/rec/9 1903] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/17531/rec/8 ca. 1920] [https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/1790/rec/11 1930s]

{{Geographic Location

|Centre = Brown County, Wisconsin

|North = Oconto County

|Northeast = Green Bay (Oconto and Door counties)

|East = Kewaunee County

|Southeast = Manitowoc County

|South =

|Southwest = Calumet County

|West = Outagamie County

|Northwest = Shawano County

}}

{{coord|44.48|-87.99|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-WI_source:UScensus1990}}