Brunswick Mill, Ancoats
{{short description|Cotton mill in Manchester, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox Mill building
| name = Brunswick Mill
| image = Brunswick Mill, Ancoats 0001.png
| caption = The mill before 1951
| textile_type = Cotton
| building_type = Spinning (ring mill)
| architectural_style = Fireproof
| structural_system =
| cost =
| employees =
| location = Ancoats, Manchester, England
| altitude =
| map_type = Greater Manchester
| map_caption = Location in Greater Manchester
| coordinates = {{coord|53.4852|-2.2143|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| serving_canal = Ashton Canal
| serving_railway =
| serving_river =
| owner = Henry Bannerman
| owner_2 = Lancashire Cotton Corporation
| acquisition_date_2 = 1930s
| owner_3 = Courtaulds
| acquisition_date_3 = 1964
| owner_4 =
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| current_tenants =
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| start_date = 1840s
| completion_date =
| renovation_date =
| re-equipment_date_2 = late 1800s
| re-equipment_date_3 = 1909
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| architect = David Bellhouse
| architecture_firm =
| structural_engineer = William Fairbairn
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| engine_type = Beam then horizontal then electric
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| doublers =
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| mule_frames = 77000 (1850s)
| ring_frames = (1920s)
| references = {{Harvnb|LCC|1951}}
}}
Brunswick Mill, Ancoats is a former cotton spinning mill on Bradford Road in Ancoats, Manchester, England. The mill was built around 1840, part of a group of mills built along the Ashton Canal, and at that time it was one of the country's largest mills. It was built round a quadrangle, a seven-storey block facing the canal.{{Harvnb|Williams|Farnie|1992|pp=154ā156}} It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. Production finished in 1967.
It was a seven-storey mill with 35 loading bays facing directly onto the canal, with a smaller three {{fract|3|4}} story block of warehouses and offices backing onto Bradford Road. The Brunswick Mill was one of the largest in Britain at that time and by the 1850s held some 276 carding machines, and 77,000 mule spindles. 20 drawing frames, fifty slubbing frames and eighty one roving frames.
Location
Ancoats is an inner city area of Manchester, in North West England, next to the Northern Quarter and the northern part of Manchester's commercial centre. Historically a part of Lancashire, Ancoats became one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution, and has been called "the world's first industrial suburb".{{cite web|title=Explore Manchester |publisher=Pevsner Architectural Guides |url=http://www.lookingatbuildings.org.uk/default.asp?document=3.T |access-date=2007-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418113629/http://www.lookingatbuildings.org.uk/default.asp?document=3.T |archive-date=2007-04-18 |url-status=dead }} From the late-18th century, Ancoats became a thriving industrial district and from 1798 has been served by the Rochdale and Ashton Canals facilitating the movement of cotton, coal and finished goods. All Manchester's major railway stations were on the boundaries of Ancoats: Ancoats railway station on the Midland Railway, Ducie Street railway station and Manchester London Road railway station on the Great Central Railway, Cheshire Lines Committee, Oldham Road railway station and Victoria Station on the Manchester and Leeds Railway, Exchange station on the London and North Western Railway.
Background
Surveying for the Rochdale Canal was carried out by James Brindley in 1765. The knowledge that its construction would make the transport of raw materials and finished goods more convenient, gave industrialists the confidence to build cotton mills. The first mills were built in Ancoats as early as 1790. In 1792 commissioners were appointed to improve the township of Manchester which included Ancoats. Towards the end of the 18th century steam power was used to power the cotton mills. Murray's Mills were built next to the Rochdale canal on Union Street (now Redhill Street) off Great Ancoats Street, by Adam and George Murray in 1798 and were known as Ancoats Mills when they were operated by McConnel & Company Ltd. The streets of Ancoats were laid out during the latter part of the 18th century, with little development taking place other than small houses and shops along Great Ancoats Street and Oldham Road. The Ashton Canal was linked to the Rochdale Canal at the Piccadilly Basin in 1798.
From the opening of the canals, development of mills continued on a much larger scale. Mills in Ancoats included, Victoria Mills, Wellington Mill, Brunswick Mill, India Mills, Dolton Mills, Lonsdale Mills, Phoenix Mill, Lloydsfield Mill and Sedgewick Mill, Decker Mill (owned by the Murray brothers), New Mill, Beehive Mill, Little Mill, Paragon Mill, Royal Mill and Pin Mill.
The mill structure was classified as a Grade II listed building in June 1994.{{NHLE |num= 1197807|desc= Brunswick Mill |access-date= 12 May 2014}}
= Power =
- Double beam
- Horizontal
- Electricity
= Equipment =
The Brunswick Mill was one of the largest in Britain at that time and by the 1850s held some 276 carding machines, and 77,000 mule spindles,{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/victorian/mills.html|title=Manchester Cotton Mills|access-date=2014-05-12|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625051045/http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/victorian/mills.html|archive-date=2014-06-25}} 20 drawing frames, fifty slubbing frames and eighty one roving frames.{{cite book|last=Parkinson-Bailey|first=John|title=Manchester: An architectural history.|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-7190-5606-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ush5WC9BM_gC|access-date=1 February 2010}}
Owners
See also
{{Portal|Greater Manchester}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323151234/http://dunkerley-tuson.co.uk/regentmill.aspx|archive-date=2008-03-23|url=http://dunkerley-tuson.co.uk/regentmill.aspx|title=Dunkerley-Tuson Family Website, The Regent Cotton Mill, Failsworth|last=Dunkerley|first=Philip|year=2009|access-date=2009-01-11}}
- {{cite book|last= LCC|title= The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited|publisher=Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited|location=Blackfriars House, Manchester|year=1951}}
- {{citation |url=http://oneguyfrombarlick.co.uk/forum_topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=7926&FORUM_ID=99&CAT_ID=3&Forum_Title=Rare+Text+(Book+Transcriptions)&Topic_Title=ARTHUR+ROBERTS+ENGINE+LIST&whichpage=1&tmp=1#pid81483 |title=Arthur Robert's Engine List |publisher=One guy from Barlick-Book Transcription |last=Roberts |first=A S |year=1921 |work=Arthur Roberts Black Book. |access-date=2009-01-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723183726/http://oneguyfrombarlick.co.uk/forum_topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=7926&FORUM_ID=99&CAT_ID=3&Forum_Title=Rare+Text+%28Book+Transcriptions%29&Topic_Title=ARTHUR+ROBERTS+ENGINE+LIST&whichpage=1&tmp=1#pid81483 |archive-date=2011-07-23 }}
- {{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Mike |last2=Farnie |first2=D.A. |title=Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester|publisher=Carnegie Publishing|year=1992|isbn=0-948789-89-1}}
External links
{{Commons category|Brunswick Mill, Ancoats}}
- [http://www.cottontown.org/ www.cottontown.org]
- {{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20120912104232/http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/ |date=12 September 2012 |title=www.spinningtheweb.org.uk}}
{{Lancashire Cotton}}
{{Lancashire Cotton Corporation}}
Category:Textile mills in Manchester
Category:Former textile mills in the United Kingdom
Category:Textile mills owned by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1840
Category:1840 establishments in England
Category:Grade II listed buildings in Manchester