Brush#Paintbrushes

Brush manufacturing extends back to the Egyptians around 3500 BC, with rudimentary paint brushes from split palm leaves and animal hair https://valleybrush.com/blog/the-evolution-of-brush-manufacturing/. These brushes made by hand, where dry leaves and fibers would be tied to tree branches that served as the handle https://sacemagroup.com/en/brush-manufacturing/. In China, the development of writing brushes represents a variation of manufacturing. With over 120 processes from selecting materials to finished products https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english2023/chinadelights/arts/calligraphy/202307/t20230727_157780.htmlhttp://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/24/content_44518.htm. The Huzhou ink brush reflects the culmination of the early brush manufacturing era as an established pioneer of writing tool https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/584295.

The industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries marked the mechanization and mass production turning point for brush manufacturing https://valleybrush.com/blog/the-evolution-of-brush-manufacturing/. In the 1850's, the first machines designed for drilling brush handles were patented. Anton Zahoransky is noted as the pioneer and founder for what would become of brush-inserting machines https://sacemagroup.com/en/brush-manufacturing/.

When houses were first inhabited, homeowners used branches taken from shrubs to sweep up dirt, hence using the first brushes. In 1859, the first brush factory in America was set up in New York.{{Cite book|date=27 November 2009|title=Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things|publisher=Reader's Digest|page=29|isbn=978-0276445699}}

There are two main ways for manufacturing brushes with modern day cnc. With a machine the stock will be prepared to be loaded in the machine where a filament gauge proceeds to take a specific amount of material from the stock. the bristles or brush filaments historically has been done with staples or anchors https://www.mxbrushmachinery.com/a-news-types-of-brush-making-machines-tufting-drilling-stapling-and-trimming-machines.html. This is called tufting (composites). First a hole is drilled into the material which the bristles will be set in. These bristles are inserted into the middle of a hole with a special driver. This driver contains the staple which will hold down the brush firmly into the material. The staple can also be replaced with a kind of anchor, which is a piece of rectangular profile wire that is anchored to the wall of the hole, like in most toothbrushes. Another way to attach the bristles to the surface can be found in a fused brush, in which instead of being inserted into a hole, a plastic fiber is welded to another plastic surface, giving the option to use different diameters of bristles in the same brush.

In industrial applications modern tufting machines are used to speed up the process. This includes adjustable tufting angles, tufting speed, and tension control https://www.mxbrushmachinery.com/a-news-types-of-brush-making-machines-tufting-drilling-stapling-and-trimming-machines.html. These machines utilize a tufting tool that inserts tufts of filament into a brush base or backing material, accommodating natural bristles, synthetic fibers, or combinations of both.

Advanced 5-axis brush making machines enable the creation of highly complex and customizable brush designs with precise tufting arrangements.

Another way of creating brushes is that a base holder is extruded which will hold the brush. An expoxy resin is cast into this holder which is then filled with the right density of brush. Lastly it is cured so the resin can harden and the bristles are held firmly in place https://www.feltoninc.com/capabilities/brush-manufacturing.

Other configurations include twisted-in wire (e.g. bottle brushes), cylinders and disks (with bristles spread in one face or radially).

Nylon - used in applications calling for low water absorption, good recovery, and abrasion resistance. Found in industrial cleaning applications where abrasiveness is needed, with different surface finishing the nylon can be more abrasive.

Polyester - Similar to nylon but specific for applications that do not absorb moisture. Bend recovery is superior in this regard.

Polypropylene - Used for wide variety of applications due to its wet stiffness, abrasive tip cleaning action, lower bend recovery than nylon, and its inert to most solvents, oils, acids, and chemicals. Found in food-safe applications

Polystyrene - economical flaggable filament used for aesthetics

Ixtle - Also known as Tampico, a biodegradable vegetable fiber with a soft-medium texture that can withstand high heat and softens in water

Metallic Wire - usually high carbon steel, stainless steel, brass or phosphorous bronze used for rust removal, cleaning metals, other requirements.

Taklon - fine synthetic for art brushes

Animal hairs - What brush bristles used to be made out of, hog hair, horse hair, goat hair, for smooth paint application due to their oil retention or any other applications.

File:Makeup weapons Brushes .jpg

The action of such brushes is mostly from the sides, not the tip, contact with which releases material held by capillary action.

• Finger-print forensic brush
• Gilding brush
• Ink brush
• Makeup brush
• Mascara brush
• Nail-polish brush
• Paintbrush (fine art or house decoration)
• Pastry brush
• Shaving brush
• Shoe-polish brush (polish applicator)
• Wall-paper brush

The action of these brushes is more akin to combing than brushing, that is they are used to straighten and untangle filaments. Certain varieties of hairbrush are however designed to brush the scalp itself free of material such as dead skin (dandruff) and to invigorate the skin of the scalp.

• Grooming brush
• Hairbrush

• Brush (electric), used on electrical motors
• Acid brush, described as consisting of glass threads, in 1906{{Cite dictionary|title=The Student's Medical Dictionary|publisher=P. Blakiston's Son & Co.|location=Philadelphia|url=https://archive.org/details/studentsmedicald00gouluoft/page/162/mode/2up|access-date=28 March 2021|last=Gould|first=George M.|date=1906|edition=11th|at=Brush|via=Internet Archive, medicalheritagelibrary collection}}
• Acid brush, described as consisting of horsehair held in a crimped copper tube, in 1922{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Charlles L.|url=https://archive.org/details/servicestationma00jone/page/n67/mode/2up|title=Service Station Management|publisher=D. Van Nostrand Company|year=1922|location=New York|pages=115|type=Microfilm.|access-date=28 March 2021|via=Internet Archive, ColumbiaUniversityLibraries collection}}
• Clothes brush or lint brush
• Magnetic brush
• Medical sampling brush
• Brush percussion mallets
• Stippling brush (neither applies nor removes material, but merely adds pattern)

File:bog_brush.JPG

Brushes used for cleaning come in various sizes, ranging from even smaller than that of a toothbrush, to the standard household version accompanied by a dustpan, to 36″ deck brushes. There are brushes for cleaning tiny cracks and crevices and brushes for cleaning enormous warehouse floors. Brushes perform a multitude of cleaning tasks. For example, brushes lightly dust the tiniest figurine, they help scrub stains out of clothing and shoes, they remove grime from tires, and they remove the dirt and debris found on floors with the help of a dust pan. Specific brushes are used for diverse activities from cleaning vegetables, as a toilet brush, washing glass, cleaning tiles, and as a mild abrasive for sanding.

{{reflist}}

• The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art, Gerald W. R. Ward. Oxford University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-19-531391-8}}
• [https://www.carolinabrush.com/glossary-of-terms/ Glossary of Brush Terms]

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Category:Cleaning tools

Category:Cosmetics

Category:Painting materials