Buguias

According to folklore, Buguias got its name from the word bugas (or begas) which means "rice".{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ph.shop.88db.com/lgubuguias/history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102173236/http://ph.shop.88db.com/lgubuguias/history|archive-date=2 November 2014|website=LGU of Buguias, Benguet|accessdate=2 November 2014}}{{cite web|title=Municipality of Buguias: History of Buguias|url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=258|website=Province of Benguet (official website)|accessdate=2 November 2014}}

Another version of its origin would be an Igorot settlement during the pre-Spanish time called Bogey-yas, which was modernized and spelled as Buguias by Spanish authorities.{{cite web|title=Municipality of Buguias, Benguet|url=http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/lgu/car-profile/benguet/11-lgus/165-municipality-of-buguias-benguet|website=Department of the Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region|accessdate=2 November 2014|date=29 April 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006204153/http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/lgu/car-profile/benguet/11-lgus/165-municipality-of-buguias-benguet|archivedate=6 October 2014}}

Nabalicong village in Barangay Natubleng was the center of the area's cultural and political domains prior to Spanish colonization. In the 12th century,{{Cite web |url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php/tourism/what-to-see/t-cultural |title=Cultural |access-date=2018-01-02 |archive-date=2018-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072638/http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php/tourism/what-to-see/t-cultural |url-status=dead }} a folk hero, known as Apo Anno, lived with the people of the area and was a spiritual leader, hunter, and demigod. The people believed Apo Anno was a son of a Benguet goddess. His body was filled with tattoos, symbolizing his high status in the community. During his protectorate of the domain, prosperity spurred. He died before the arrival of the Spaniards, and thus, was given mummification and death rites in the traditional way.{{cite AV media |url-status = live |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/EQDjoNX_Tkw |archive-date = 2021-12-11| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQDjoNX_Tkw |title = PHILIPPINES: MUMMY RETURNED TO NABALICONG VILLAGE |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}

The arrival of Spanish colonizers in Buguias were primarily due to the construction of Spanish trails leading to the mountain region. Buguias and Loo were two separate rancherias during the Spanish Regime.

During the American rule, Buguias was established as one of the 19 townships of the province of Benguet, upon the issuance of Act No. 48 by the Philippine Commission on November 22, 1900.{{cite web|title=Facts & Figures: Benguet Province |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_benguet.htm |website=Philippine Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board - Cordillera Administrative Region |accessdate=9 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228070130/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_benguet.htm |archivedate=28 February 2016}}{{cite web|title=History: Benguet Province |url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=268 |website=Province of Benguet (official website) |accessdate=9 October 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019211257/http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=268 |archivedate=19 October 2014}}

On November 23, 1900, the township of Loo was abolished and integrated into the township of Buguias with the issuance of Act No. 49.{{cite web|title=Buguias: Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices|url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=299|website=Province of Benguet (official website)|accessdate=2 November 2014}} On August 13, 1908, Benguet was established as a sub-province of the newly created Mountain Province with the enactment of Act No. 1876. As a result, six townships of Benguet were abolished, but Buguias remained a constituent town of Benguet sub-province.

In 1918, the mummy of Apo Anno was stolen by foreign treasure hunters. An earthquake and pestilence followed afterwards, prompting the people to campaign for the return of Apo Anno to his resting place.

On June 25, 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal issued Executive Order No. 42 converting eight (8) of the thirteen (13) towns (designated as municipal districts) of Benguet sub-province into regular municipalities. Buguias was among them.{{cite web|title=Executive Order No. 42, s. 1963: Declaring Certain Municipal Districts in the Philippines as Municipalities|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1963/06/25/executive-order-no-42-s-1963/|website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|accessdate=25 October 2014}}

On June 18, 1966, the sub-province of Benguet was separated from the old Mountain Province and was converted into a regular province. Buguias remained to be a component municipality of the newly established province.{{Republic Act 4695}}

In 1984, a Filipino antique collector bought an auctioned mummy, only to discover it was the mummy of Apo Anno. He donated it to the National Museum of the Philippines afterwards for better care of the national treasure. The people of Buguias made diplomatic channels with the National Museum until it was agreed that the National Museum would return the mummy of Apo Anno to its resting place in barangay Nabalicong after Benguet officials agreed to install iron grills in the burial cave and provide funds for its upkeep. Later that year, Apo Anno was returned to its burial cave, through elaborate death rituals last performed in the 16th century and a hero's homecoming conducted by the people of Buguias.

There have been scholars campaigning for the declaration of Apo Anno's mummy and resting place as a collective National Treasure or Important Cultural Property of the Philippines.

Buguias is located at {{coord|format=dms}}, at the northeastern section of Benguet. It is bounded by Mankayan on the north-west, Bakun on the mid-west, Kibungan on the south-west, Kabayan on the south, Tinoc on the east, Hungduan on the north-east, and Bauko on the north.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of {{convert|175.88|km2}}{{PSGC detail|area}} constituting {{percentage|175.88|2,769.08|2|pad=yes}} of the {{convert|2,769.08|km2|2|adj=mid|-}} total area of Benguet.

Buguias is {{convert|83|km}} from Baguio, {{convert|78|km}} from La Trinidad, and {{convert|333|km}} from Manila.

Buguias is politically subdivided into 14 barangays.{{PSGC detail|nscb}} Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

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{{PH brgy table lite|141105001| Abatan | 3548| 2780}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105002| Amgaleyguey | 3139| 3538}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105003| Amlimay | 2347| 2197}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105004| Baculongan Norte | 2974| 2157}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105014| Baculongan Sur | 3698| 3169}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105006| Bangao | 5319| 4269}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105007| Buyacaoan | 3884| 3160}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105008| Calamagan | 931| 739}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105009| Catlubong | 3369| 2758}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105015| Lengaoan | 2092| 1488}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105010| Loo | 4881| 4388}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105012| Natubleng | 2746| 2513}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105013| Poblacion (Central) | 3108| 3472}}

{{PH brgy table lite|141105016| Sebang | 2841| 2643}}

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{{Weather box

| location = Buguias, Benguet

| width = auto

| metric first = Yes

| single line = Yes

| Jan high C = 19

| Jan low C = 12

| Feb high C = 20

| Feb low C = 12

| Mar high C = 22

| Mar low C = 14

| Apr high C = 23

| Apr low C = 15

| May high C = 23

| May low C = 17

| Jun high C = 22

| Jun low C = 17

| Jul high C = 21

| Jul low C = 17

| Aug high C = 21

| Aug low C = 17

| Sep high C = 21

| Sep low C = 16

| Oct high C = 21

| Oct low C = 15

| Nov high C = 21

| Nov low C = 14

| Dec high C = 19

| Dec low C = 13

| Jan precipitation mm = 38

| Feb precipitation mm = 57

| Mar precipitation mm = 77

| Apr precipitation mm = 141

| May precipitation mm = 390

| Jun precipitation mm = 355

| Jul precipitation mm = 426

| Aug precipitation mm = 441

| Sep precipitation mm = 426

| Oct precipitation mm = 259

| Nov precipitation mm = 97

| Dec precipitation mm = 57

| Jan rain days = 10.4

| Feb rain days = 12.1

| Mar rain days = 15.4

| Apr rain days = 20.4

| May rain days = 26.7

| Jun rain days = 27.1

| Jul rain days = 28.7

| Aug rain days = 28.0

| Sep rain days = 26.4

| Oct rain days = 19.9

| Nov rain days = 14.1

| Dec rain days = 12.3

| source 1 = Meteoblue

{{cite web

| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/buguias_philippines_1723211

| title = Buguias: Average Temperatures and Rainfall

| publisher = Meteoblue

| accessdate = 21 March 2020 }}

| date = 21 March 2020

}}

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{{Philippine Census

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| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}

| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}

| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}

| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}

| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}

| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}

| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}

| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}

| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}

| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}

| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}

| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}

| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}

| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}

| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}

| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}

| 2025 =

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| footnote= Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}}

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In the 2020 census, Buguias had a population of 44,877.{{PH census|current}} The population density was {{convert|{{sigfig|44,877/175.88|2}}|PD/km2}}.

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Buguias is primarily an agricultural town. It is one of the leading producers of highland vegetables, especially carrots,{{cite news|last1=Catajan|first1=Maria Elena|title=Buguias highlights carrots in town fiesta|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/buguias-highlights-carrots-town-fiesta|accessdate=2 November 2014|work=SunStar Baguio|date=9 October 2010}} in the province of Benguet.{{cite web|last1=Arida|first1=Imelda A.|last2=Embuscado|first2=Erwin S.|title=Buguias farmers benefit from the agricultural tramline|url=http://www.philmech.gov.ph/?page=News&action=details&CODE01=FB05080062|website=Department of Agriculture - Philippine Center for Postharvest Development Mechanization|accessdate=2 November 2014|date=15 June 2005}}

Most of the vegetables produced in the town are sold at the La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post or are marketed to other parts of the country.{{cite news|last1=Aro|first1=Susan|title=Resorts in Buguias are emerging destinations|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/business/2013/04/02/resorts-buguias-are-emerging-destinations-275521|accessdate=2 November 2014|work=SunStar Baguio|date=2 April 2013}}

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{{main|Sangguniang Bayan}}

Buguias, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Benguet, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

As of 2014, Buguias has 43 public elementary schools and 6 public secondary schools.{{cite web|url=http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/datasets/2013/Masterlist%20of%20Elementary%20Schools.xlsx|title=Masterlist of Public Elementary Schools for the School year 2012- 2013|format=XLSX|publisher=Department of Education (Philippines), July 15, 2013|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053100/http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/datasets/2013/Masterlist%20of%20Elementary%20Schools.xlsx|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/datasets/2014/SY%202013-2014%20Masterlist%20of%20Schools.xlsx|title=Masterlist of Public Schools SY 2013-2014|format=XLSX|publisher=Department of Education (Philippines), 22 October 2014|accessdate=28 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421172857/http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/datasets/2014/SY%202013-2014%20Masterlist%20of%20Schools.xlsx|archive-date=2016-04-21|url-status=dead}}

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The Veteran Memorial Marker marks the liberation of Abatan and Buguias on July 27, 1945, that was fought between the Japanese Imperial Army and the combined Filipino and American ground troops. Through municipal council resolution No. 19, July 27, 1945, was declared as the Liberation Day and local holiday in the municipality. Festivals during this date include parades, programs and wreath-laying.

The World War II 66th Infantry Shrine monument, located in Lengaoan along Halsema Highway, symbolizes the bravery of the combined Filipino and American soldiers who stood their ground defending the area and firing their cannons against the Japanese forces.

The 12th century burial site, which was later used again for Apo Anno's reburial in 1999, is one of the most important cultural sites in Benguet. The burial site is home to the mummy of one of Benguet's folk heroes whose remains are still preserved in present time.

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• [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

{{Geographic location

| Centre = Buguias

| North = {{nowrap|Bauko, Mountain Province}}

| Northeast = Hungduan, Ifugao

| East = Tinoc, Ifugao

| South = Kabayan

| West = Bakun
Kibungan

| Northwest = Mankayan

}}

{{Benguet|state=expanded}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Municipalities of Benguet

Category:Populated places on the Agno River