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Bugula

{{Short description|Genus of moss animals}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Diaphorodoris papillata Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960.jpg

| image_caption = The nudibranch Diaphorodoris papillata Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 feeding on Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758)

| taxon = Bugula

| authority = (Oken, 1815)

}}

Bugula is a genus of common colonial arborescent bryozoa, often mistaken for seaweed. It commonly grows upright in bushy colonies of up to 15 cm in height.{{cite web|title=Bugula neritina|url=http://www.exoticsguide.org/bugula_neritina|website=exoticsguide.org|accessdate=14 February 2015}}Bock, P. (2015). Bugula Oken, 1815. In: Bock, P.; Gordon, D. (2015) World List of Bryozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110839 on 2015-09-02

Distribution

The native distribution of Bugula neritina is presumed to be tropical and subtropical waters; however, it has become widespread globally due to attachment to the hulls of vessels. It is considered an invasive species in some countries.

''Bugula neritina''

{{main|Bugula neritina}}

Bugula neritina attracted interest as a source of cytotoxic chemicals, bryostatins, under clinical investigation as anti-cancer agents. It was first collected and provided to JL Hartwell's anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe.Harford, B [https://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/89/8943cover.html The Bryostatins’ Tale] Chemical and Engineering News, Vol 89, No 43 PP. 10 - 17 Oct 24, 2011 accessed Dec 19, 2017 In 2001 pharmaceutical company GPC Biotech licensed Bryostatin 1 from Arizona State University for commercial development as a treatment for cancer. GPC Biotech canceled development in 2003, saying that Bryostatin 1 showed little effectiveness and some toxic side-effects.{{cite web|url=http://www.marinebiotech.org/bryostatin.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509175548/http://www.marinebiotech.org/bryostatin.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 May 2007|title=Bryostatin 1|date=19 June 2006|accessdate=2009-08-20}} More recent work shows it has positive effects on cognition in sufferers of Alzheimers with few side effects.Nelsen et al., JT [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5438479/ Bryostatin Effects on Cognitive Function and PKCɛ in Alzheimer's Disease Phase IIa and Expanded Access Trials] J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 58(2): 521–535. Accessed Dec 27, 2017

Other uses

Dried Bugula are commonly used as decorations:

"Air fern", the so-called everlasting plant that supposedly absorbs from air all the moisture it needs to live, is commonly dried colonies of the bryozoan Bugula that have been artificially coloured.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |title=The Bryozoa |accessdate=2007-02-17 |publisher=International Bryozoology Association |author=Frank K. McKinney |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213140934/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/iba/pages/bryozoa.html |archivedate=2006-12-13 |url-status=dead }}

However, Sertularia argentea are also sold as "air ferns."

Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2016). [http://www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/species.asp?item=D6760 Sertularia argentea Linnaeus, 1758.] [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Accessed on 2020-01-11.

Species

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;Species brought into synonymy:

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 325–333
  • [http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1111%2Fzsc.12103?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H., Winston, Judith E., Tilbrook, Kevin J., Nascimento, Karine B. & Vieira, Leandro M. (2015). Identifying monophyletic groups within Bugula sensu lato (Bryozoa, Buguloidea). Zoologica Scripta]

External links

  • [http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/bugula_neriti.htm Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce]
  • [http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/hbs/invertguide/species/bugula_neritina.htm Introduced Marine Species of Hawai'i]
  • [http://www.exoticsguide.org/bugula_neritina Exotics Guide - Bugula neritina]

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Category:Bryozoan genera

Category:Cheilostomatida