Bulbophyllum maxillare
{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Red horntail orchid
|image = Bulbophyllum maxillare Orchi 045.jpg
|image_caption = Bulbophyllum maxillare
|status_system =
|status =
|genus = Bulbophyllum
|species = maxillare
|authority = (Lindl.) Rchb.f.{{cite web |title=Bulbophyllum maxillare |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/249325 |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=25 December 2022}}
|synonyms =
- Bolbophyllum maxillare Rchb.f. orth. var.
- Bulbophyllum blumei (Kuntze) J.J.Sm.
- Bulbophyllum cuspidilingue Rchb.f.
- Bulbophyllum masdevalliaceum Kraenzl.
- Cirrhopetalum blumei Lindl. nom. illeg., nom. superfl.
- Cirrhopetalum blumii Lindl. orth. var.
- Cirrhopetalum maxillare Lindl.
- Ephippium ciliatum Blume
- Ephippium masdevalliaceum (Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
- Phyllorchis blumei Kuntze orth. var.
- Phyllorkis blumei Kuntze
}}
Bulbophyllum maxillare, commonly known as the red horntail orchid,{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages=425–426}} is a species of epiphytic orchid with tapered grooved, dark green to yellowish pseudobulbs, each with a single large, thin leaf and a single reddish flower with yellow or white edges. The lateral sepals are much larger than the dorsal sepal which in turn is much larger than the petals. It grows on the lower branches of rainforest trees in India, New Guinea and tropical North Queensland.
Description
Bulbophyllum maxillare is an epiphytic herb that has a creeping rhizome with tapered dark green to yellowish pseudobulbs {{convert|15-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|8-12|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide well spaced along it. Each pseudobulb has a thin but stiff dark green to yellowish, elliptic to lance-shaped leaf {{convert|80-150|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|15-25|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide with a stalk {{convert|10-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. A single flower {{convert|60-90|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-25|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} is borne on a thin flowering stem {{convert|100-200|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long. The flower is reddish to purplish with yellow or white edges. The dorsal sepal is oblong to lance-shaped, {{convert|20-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3-4|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide with short, dense hairs on its edges. The lateral sepals are egg-shaped to lance-shaped, {{convert|35-80|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-7|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide with a thin "tail" a further {{convert|20-30|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long. The petals are curved, form a hood over the column, {{convert|4-7|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The labellum is purple and yellow, {{convert|5-7|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|2|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide with a thin extension on its tip. Flowering occurs between July and October in Australia.{{cite web |author1=D.L.Jones |author2=T.Hopley |author3=S.M.Duffy |author1-link=David L. Jones (botanist) |year=2010 |access-date=29 May 2021 |url=http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/Ephippium_masdevalliaceum.htm |title=Factsheet - Ephippium masdevalliaceum |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}{{cite web |title=Bulbophyllum maxillare |url=http://www.orchidsnewguinea.com/orchid-information/species/speciescode/340|access-date=6 December 2018}}{{cite journal |last1=Alappatt |first1=Joju P. |title=Bulbophyllum maxillare (Orchidaceae) - a new record for India from Andaman & Nicobar Islands |journal=Rheedea |date=2013 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=40–42 |url=http://iaat.org.in/old/Rheedea23_40-42.pdf |access-date=7 December 2018}}
Taxonomy and naming
The red horntail orchid was first formally described in 1843 by John Lindley who gave it the name Cirrhopetalum maxillare and published the description in Edwards's Botanical Register.{{cite web|title=Cirrhopetalum maxillare|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/51343085|publisher=APNI|accessdate=25 December 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Lindley |first1=John |title=Cirrhopetalum |journal=Edwards's Botanical Register |date=1843 |volume=29 |page=49 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/242544#page/156/mode/1up |access-date=7 December 2018}} In 1861 Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach changed the name to Bulbophyllum maxillare.{{cite web|title=Bulbophyllum maxillare|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/51343082|publisher=APNI|accessdate=25 December 2022}}
Distribution and habitat
Bulbophyllum maxillare grows on the lower trunks and branches of rainforest trees on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Malay Peninsula Borneo, Java, the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, the Solomon Islands, New Guinea and in Australia on Moa Island, Shelburne Bay near Cape Grenville and near the Rocky River.{{cite book |last1=Seidenfaden |first1=Gunnar |last2=Wood |first2=Jeffrey J. |title=The orchids of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore |date=1992 |publisher=Published in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew & Botanic Gardens, Singapore [by] Olsen & Olsen |location=Fredensborg |isbn=8785215244 |page=517}}{{cite web |title=Bulbophyllum maxillare |url=https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/4/9/4953 |publisher=National Parks Board, Singaport |access-date=7 December 2018 }}
References
{{Commons}}
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Category:Orchids of Queensland