Burgred of Mercia
{{Short description|9th-century king of Mercia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Burgred
| succession = King of Mercia
| image = Burgred, King of Mercia, silver penny (phase IIb); struck 866–868∕870 AD (obverse).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Silver penny struck between 866 and 868/870 by Burgred
Legend:{{nowrap|{{Smallcaps|+ bvrgred rex}}}}
| reign = 852–874
| predecessor = Beorhtwulf
| successor = Ceolwulf II
| house =
| death_date = 888
| death_place = Rome
| place of burial = Santo Spirito in Sassia
| spouse = {{plainlist|
}}
}}
Burgred (also Burhred or Burghred; Old English: Burhræd) was an Anglo-Saxon king of Mercia from 852 to 874.
Family
Burgred became king of Mercia in 852,{{Cite ODNB|id=4018|title=Burgred (d. 874?)}} and may have been related to his predecessor Beorhtwulf.{{cite book|author1=Ann Williams|author2=Alfred P. Smyth|author3=D. P. Kirby|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, C. 500-c. 1050|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jR376Dp1OFIC&pg=PA68|year=1991|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-85264-047-7|pages=68–69}} After Easter in 853, Burgred married Æthelswith, daughter of Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons. The marriage was celebrated at the royal villa of Chippenham in Wessex.
Life
File:Burgred charter 869 Cotton MS Aug ii 76.png
In 853 Burgred sent messengers to Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons, seeking his help to subjugate the Welsh, who lived between Mercia and the western sea, as they were rebelling against his rule. Immediately King Æthelwulf advanced with Burgred against the Welsh, and successfully repressed the rebellion.
Twelve years after Burgred's success against the Welsh, in 865, the Great Heathen Army arrived. Following its successful campaigns against East Anglia and Northumbria it advanced through Mercia, arriving in Nottingham in 867. Burgred then appealed to his brothers-in-law King Æthelred of Wessex and Alfred for assistance against them. The armies of Wessex and Mercia did no serious fighting as Burgred paid the invaders off. In 874 the march of the Vikings from Lindsey to Repton drove Burgred from his kingdom.{{EB1911|inline=1 |wstitle=Burgred |volume=4 |page=820}}
After Burgred left, the Vikings appointed a Mercian Ceolwulf to replace him, demanding oaths of loyalty to them.Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a. 874 Burgred retired to Rome and died there. He was buried, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, "in the church of Sancta Maria, in the school of the English nation" (now Santo Spirito in Sassia) in Rome.
Single coins from the reign of Burgred continue to be found but Burgred coins within hoards are less common.{{cite book|author1=Dr Rory Naismith|author2=Dr Martin Allen|author3=Dr Elina Screen|title=Early Medieval Monetary History: Studies in Memory of Mark Blackburn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zgXBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA409|date=28 December 2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-5668-1|page=409}} In 1998 a hoard with Burgred coins was found by the Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit near Banbury Castle.
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Sources
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS A v. 3, Janet Bately (ed.), Brewer, Rochester (NY) 1986, {{ISBN|0-85991-103-9}}.
External links
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Burgred}}
- {{PASE|13299|Burgred 5}}; probably also {{PASE|6344|Burgred 4|nm=1}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20140421034038/http://www.whub.org.uk/cms/museums-worcestershire/hartlebury-museum/history-and-collections/severn-stoke.aspx Burgred coins from Severn Stoke coin hoard]
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{{s-reg}}
{{succession box
| title = King of Mercia
| years = 852–874
| before = Beorhtwulf
| after = Ceolwulf II
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Kings of Mercia}}
{{Viking Invasion of England}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burgred of Mercia}}