Burial Hill

{{Short description|Historic cemetery in Plymouth County, Massachusetts}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Burial Hill

| nrhp_type =

| image = William bradford grave.JPG

| caption = William Bradford's monument

| location = School Street, Plymouth, Massachusetts

| coordinates = {{coord|41|57|22|N|70|39|58|W|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = Massachusetts#USA

| area =

| built = 1620

| architect =

| architecture =

| added = August 7, 2013{{NRISref|2008a}}

| refnum = 13000582

}}

Burial Hill is a historic cemetery or burying ground on School Street in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Established in the 17th century, it is the burial site of several Pilgrims, the founding settlers of Plymouth Colony. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Description

Burial Hill is located just west of Plymouth's Main Street, which parallels the shoreline of Plymouth Bay, and is at the southwest end of Leyden Street, which parallels Town Brook to the south, and was the first street laid out when the Plymouth Colony was founded in 1620. The hill rises {{convert|165|ft|m}} above sea level, and provides commanding views over the surrounding landscape and coastline. The main entrance to the cemetery is just north of the First Parish Church in Plymouth, whose current building is the fifth to stand on the same site. A network of paved footpaths are laid out through the cemetery's {{convert|5.1|acre|ha}}, with stairs located along steeper sections. There are more than 2,000 marked graves, dating from 1680 to 1957.{{cite web|url=https://mhc-macris.net/details?mhcid=ply.bg|title=NRHP nomination for Burial Hill|publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts|access-date=2017-11-20}}

History

File:Burial Hill in Plymouth MA.jpg

The first Pilgrim burial ground was on nearby Cole's Hill in 1620-21.Frank Herman Perkins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1grmpqYO44sC Handbook of old Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts: Its history, its famous dead, and its quaint epitaphs] (A.S. Burbank, 1896), pg. 11 Originally, the Pilgrims constructed a fort on top of Burial Hill in 1621-22 (a reconstruction exists in nearby Plimoth Plantation).Frank Herman Perkins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1grmpqYO44sC Handbook of old Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts: Its history, its famous dead, and its quaint epitaphs] (A.S. Burbank, 1896), pg. 8-10 The Burial Hill fort also served as a meeting house for the colony and for the First Parish Church until 1677. According to tradition, the first grave on Burial Hill was Pilgrim John Howland's.Frank Herman Perkins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1grmpqYO44sC Handbook of old Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts: Its history, its famous dead, and its quaint epitaphs] (A.S. Burbank, 1896), pg. 13 However, he did not die until 1672; other people claimed to be buried there died considerably earlier.E.g., Squanto.

First Parish's congregation currently meets in an 1899 church building at the base of Burial Hill on the town square, near where it first met in 1621.Frank Herman Perkins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1grmpqYO44sC Handbook of old Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts: Its history, its famous dead, and its quaint epitaphs] (A.S. Burbank, 1896), pg. 7

Notable burials and cenotaphs

Mary Allerton, Pilgrim, last surviving Mayflower passenger
William Bradford, Pilgrim, Mayflower passenger, Governor
William Brewster, church elder
Thomas Cushman, Ruling Elder of the Plymouth Colony, 1649-1691
Robert Cushman, organizer of the Mayflower expedition (cenotaph at Cushman Monument)
Edward Doty, Mayflower passenger
Francis Cooke, Pilgrim, Mayflower passenger
John Howland, Pilgrim, Mayflower passenger
Adoniram Judson, Christian missionary to Asia
Thomas Prence, Colonial Governor
Thomas Russell, judge, collector of customs, and ambassador
Zabdiel Sampson, Congressman
James Warren, Patriot leader
Mercy Otis Warren, author
Richard Warren, Pilgrim, Mayflower passenger

Image gallery

File:John Howland Grave in Plymouth MA.jpg|John Howland's grave

File:William Harlow House in Plymouth MA.jpg|Harlow Old Fort House in Plymouth made of timbers from the Burial Hill Fort

File:Burial Hill Fort in Plymouth MA.jpg|Burial Hill Fort, housed the original church in Plymouth

File:First Parish Church in Plymouth MA.jpg|First Parish Church in Plymouth (now Unitarian Universalist) at the base of Burial Hill, is a continuation of the original Pilgrim church

File:First Parish Church in Plymouth Mass.jpg|First Parish Church in Plymouth

File:Site of First Fort and Meeting House on Burial Hill in Plymouth.jpg|Site of 1621 First Fort and Meeting House on Burial Hill

File:Burial Hill in Plymouth Massachusetts.jpg|Burial Hill, cemetery entrance

File:Plimoth Plantation fort and meeting house.jpg|recreation of original Burial Hill fort/meeting house at Plimoth Plantation

File:Map of early Plymouth MA home lots.png|Map of early Plymouth home lots

File:2015-07-16 040 Plymouth MA.jpg|Powder House, 2015

File:2015-07-16 032 Plymouth MA.jpg|Edward Gray Grave, 2015

File:2015-07-16 031 Plymouth MA.jpg|Memorial to the children of John and Elizabeth Howland, 2015

File:William Crowe Grave Plymouth MA.jpg|William Crowe Grave, 2015