Burid dynasty
{{short description|Medieval Turkish principality in Syria}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name = الدولة البورية
| conventional_long_name = Burid dynasty
| common_name = Burid
| status =
| government_type = Emirate
| year_start = 1104
| year_end = 1154
| p1 = Seljuk Empire
| flag_p1 =
| s1 = Zengid dynasty
| flag_s1 =
| image_flag =
| image_map =
| image_map_caption = The Near east in 1135
| capital = Damascus
| religion = Sunni Islam
| currency = Dinar
| leader1 = Toghtekin (first)
| year_leader1 = 1104–1128
| leader2 = Mujir ad-Din Abaq (last)
| year_leader2 = 1140–1154
| title_leader = Emir
| stat_area1 =
| stat_year1 =
| stat_pop1 =
| footnotes =
}}
The Burid dynasty (Arabic: الدولة البورية Romanized: Al-Dawla al-Buria) or the Emirate of Damascus (Arabic: إمارة دمشق Romanized: Imarat Dimashq) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Oghuz Turkic origin which ruled over the Emirate of Damascus in the early 12th century, as subjects of the Seljuk Empire.
History
{{See also|Tutush I|Malik-Shah I}}
The first Burid ruler, Toghtekin,D.S. Richards, The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-Kamil Fi'l-ta-Ta'rikh, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2010), 16. began as a servant to the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, Duqaq. Following Duqaq's death in 1104, he seized the city for himself.{{cn|date=October 2023}}
The dynasty was named after Toghtekin's son, Taj al-Muluk Buri. The Burids gained recognition from the Abbasid caliphate in return for considerable gifts. In return, the caliphate did not interfere in the emirate.Burids, R. LeTourneau, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, É. Lévi-Provençal and J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 1332.
The Burids ruled the city until 1154, when it was taken by the ruler of Aleppo, Nur ed-Din, founder of the Zengid dynasty.Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, Ed. Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, (Taylor & Francis, 2006), 568.
The Burids lost to the Crusaders in the battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126) but were able to prevent the Second Crusade from capturing Damascus.{{cn|date=October 2023}}
File:Burids. Shihab al-Din Mahmud (1135-1140) Dimashq mint. Dated AH 533 (AD 1138-9).jpg mint, dated AH 533 (1138-9 CE). This coin gives Shihab al-Din’s full name and patronymic, as well as citing his Seljuq overlords, Sanjar and Mas‘ud, and the Abbasid caliph, al-Muqtafi (called here al-Imam, "the Priest").Obverse: al-amir Shihab al-Din Mahmud bin Buri in inner marginal legend; al-Imam / al-Muqtafi in field.Reverse: Sanjar / wa Mas‘ud in two lines across field. Album 782 (RRR); ICV 883.]]
Burid emirs of Damascus
| width=80% class="wikitable"
! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Titular Name(s) (Laqab) ! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Personal Name ! style="background-color:#F0DC88" width=17% | Reign |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} Saif-ul-Islam {{Nastaliq|سیف الاسلام}} |align="center"| Zahir al-Din Toghtekin |align="center"|1104–1128 |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} |align="center"| Taj al-Muluk Buri |align="center"|1128–1132 |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} |align="center"| Shams al-Mulk Isma'il |align="center"|1132–1135 |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} |align="center"| Shihab al-Din Mahmud |align="center"|1135–1139 |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} |align="center"| Jamal al-Din Muhammad |align="center"|1139–1140 |
| style="background:lightgreen"
|align="center"|Amir |align="center"| Mu'in al-Din Unur |align="center"|1140–1149 |
| align="center"|Amir {{Nastaliq|أمیر}} Mujir-ud-din {{Nastaliq|مجیر الدین }} |align="center"| Abu Saʿid Ābaq |align="center"|1140–1154 |
| colspan=4 align="middle"| Zengid dynasty replaces the Burid dynasty. |
- Green shaded row signifies regency of Mu'in ad-Din Unur.
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Family Tree
{{Chart top|width=100%|collapsed=no|Burid Dynasty}}
{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=Zahir al-Din
Tughtekin
(1)
r. 1104-1128|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=Taj al-Muluk
Buri
(2)
r. 1128-1132|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | |A02 | |A03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=Shams al-Mulk
Isma'il
(3)
r. 1132-1135|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00|
A02=Shihab al-Din
Mahmud
(4)
r. 1135-1139|boxstyle_A02=border-color:#FFFF00|
A03=Jamal al-Din
Muhammad
(5)
r. 1139-1140|boxstyle_A03=border-color:#FFFF00}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
A01=Mujir al-Din
Abaq
(6)
r. 1140-1154|boxstyle_A01=border-color:#FFFF00}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
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See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Damascus}}
{{Muslim dynasties in Mashriq region}}
Category:Middle Eastern dynasties
Category:1104 establishments in Asia
Category:Syrian people of Turkish descent
Category:12th-century disestablishments in Asia
Category:12th century in the Seljuk Empire
Category:12th century in the Abbasid Caliphate
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