Busan–Geoje Bridge

{{Infobox bridge

|bridge_name = Busan–Geoje Fixed Link

|image = First Busan–Geoje Bridge1.jpg

|image_size =

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|carries = National Route 58 (South Korea)

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|locale = Busan, South Korea

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|design = Fixed link (bridge-tunnel)

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|mainspan = {{convert|475|m|ft|sp=us}}

|length = {{convert|8.2|km|mi|sp=us}}

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|coordinates = {{coord|35|0|57.2|N|128|44|39|E}}

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The Busan–Geoje Fixed Link or Geoga Bridge ({{langx|ko|거가대교}}) is an 8.2-kilometer (5.1-mi) bridge-tunnel fixed link that connects the South Korean city of Busan to Geoje Island. The route opened on December 13, 2010{{cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| title =South Korea's first bridge-undersea tunnel link opens| work =| website =| publisher =Deccan Herald| date =December 13, 2010| url =http://www.deccanherald.com/content/120599/south-koreas-first-bridge-undersea.html| doi =| accessdate =August 25, 2015}} and shortens the travelling distance between Geoje Island and Busan by about 60 kilometers (37 mi). The new road has two lanes in each direction and carries National Road 58.Yeoward 2010, p. 26.

The fixed link opens Geoje Island to tourist-related development and saves US$300 million in costs related to traffic delays from the longer route.Cho 2009, p. 25.

Design and construction

The bridge was built under a public-private partnership. GK Fixed Link Corp, a consortium of seven Korean contractors, has a 40-year contract to build, operate and transfer the fixed link. The project is planned to cost US$1.8 billion. The government has provided only one-fourth of the cost; the rest is financed by the consortium to be repaid by tolls during the life of the contract. The lead contractor in the consortium is Daewoo Engineering & Construction, Co.Cho 2009, p. 24.

Designers involved with the project include COWI A/S (Denmark), Halcrow Group (United Kingdom), Tunnel Engineering Consultants (Netherlands), Pihl and Son (Denmark), Arcadis US (USA), and Ben C. Gerwick (USA).

Route

File:Geoga Bridge map.png

The route connects Busan, Korea's largest port city, to the shipbuilding industries and tourism destinations on Geoje Island. It replaces either a 210-minute journey by road or a 120-minute journey by ferry. The new route cuts travel time down to 40 minutes.Halcrow project video (wmv), 1:04 minutes.

The fixed link starts on Geoje Island, crosses three islets (Jeo, Jungjuk and Daejuk) and ends on Gaduk Island. In addition to the tunnel between Daejuk and Gaduk islands, a bridge is used to cross each of the islets.

Bridge 1

The {{convert|1.87|km|mi|abbr=on}} bridge between Jungjuk and Jeo islands includes a cable-stayed bridge with a {{convert|475|m|ft|abbr=on}} main span and {{convert|220|m|ft|abbr=on}} side spans. This bridge provides {{convert|52|m|ft|sp=us}} of navigational clearance and has two {{convert|156|m|ft|abbr=on}} diamond-shaped pylons.Fraser 2008.

Bridge 2

Between Geoje and Jeo islands, a {{convert|1.65|km|mi|abbr=on}} bridge includes a three-pylon cable-stay bridge. This bridge has two mainspans of {{convert|230|m|ft|sp=us}} with side spans of {{convert|106|m|ft|sp=us}}. The pylons are {{convert|102|m|ft|sp=us}} tall and there is {{convert|36|m|ft|sp=us}} of clearance underneath the bridge.

Tunnel

File:Goega_Bridge_Submarine_Tunnel2.jpg

When it opened, the tunnel became the world's deepest immersed roadway tunnel ({{convert|48|m|ft|sp=us}} below mean water level) and the world's second-longest concrete immersed tunnel, at {{convert|3.2|km|mi|sp=us}}. It is Korea's first immersed tunnel.Halcrow project video (wmv), 29 seconds. It became the second-deepest immersed vehicle tunnel after completion of the Marmaray (Bosphorus rail tunnel) in 2013.Rowson 2009.

The tunnel is made up of {{convert|180|m|ft|abbr=on}} segments constructed in a dry dock in Anjeon. Each segment was towed {{convert|35|km|mi|sp=us}} by barges and sunk into place.Cho 2009, p. 26.

{{panorama

|image = File:Goega Bridge Panorama.jpg

|height = 245

|alt = A small city across a gray waterway under lowering gray clouds. A road leads to the city across a causeway. Mountains with snow and a low treeline form the backdrop. A few boats are in the water.

|caption = Busan–Geoje Fixed Link

}}

Toll

(Since 2011)

class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align=center;" !Vehicle type !Toll (in South Korean Won)
Light car \|5,000
Small car \|10,000
Medium car \|15,000
Large car \|25,000
Biggest car \|30,000

class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align=center;"

!Vehicle type

!Toll (in South Korean Won)

Light car

|5,000

Small car

|10,000

Medium car

|15,000

Large car

|25,000

Biggest car

|30,000

Notes and references

{{Cite journal|last=Cho |first=Aileen |date=February 2, 2009 |title=A Sinking Feeling Is Good in Busan, For Contractors and Their Advisors |journal=Engineering News-Record |volume=262 |issue=4 |pages=24–29 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |issn=0891-9526 |url=http://enr.construction.com/infrastructure/transportation/2009/0128-BusanSeaLink.asp |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526171249/http://enr.construction.com/infrastructure/transportation/2009/0128-BusanSeaLink.asp |archivedate=May 26, 2011 |ref=refCho2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
{{Cite journal|last=Fraser |first=Don |date=May 25, 2008 |title=Vision On |journal=Bridge Design & Engineering |issue=51 |publisher=Hemming Information Services |location=London |url=http://www.bridgeweb.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1480/Vision_on.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924101758/http://bridgeweb.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1480/Vision_on.html |archivedate=September 24, 2010 |ref=refFraser2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
{{Cite web|author=Halcrow Group Limited |authorlink=Halcrow Group |title=Busan Geoje Fixed Link Project |url=http://www.halcrow.com/html/our_projects/projects/busan_geoje_bridge.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214203658/http://halcrow.com/html/our_projects/projects/busan_geoje_bridge.htm |archivedate=February 14, 2009 |accessdate=October 10, 2009 |ref=refHalcrow |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
{{Cite AV media|people=Halcrow Group Limited |title=Busan Geoje Fixed Link |url=http://www.halcrow.com/html/media/wmv/busan_geoje_april09.wmv |format=wmv |publisher=Halcrow Group Limited |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kQ778iYI?url=http://www.halcrow.com/html/media/wmv/busan_geoje_april09.wmv |archivedate=October 10, 2009 |accessdate=October 10, 2009 |ref=refHalcrowVideo |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
{{Cite journal|last=Rowson |first=Jessica |date=January 13, 2009 |title=Korea crossing - Busan Geoje link |journal=New Civil Engineer |publisher=Emap |location=London |url=http://www.nce.co.uk/korea-crossing-busan-geoje-link/1964799.article |accessdate=October 10, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501123011/http://www.nce.co.uk/korea-crossing-busan-geoje-link/1964799.article |archivedate=May 1, 2009 |ref=refRowson2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
{{Cite journal|last=Yeoward |first=Andrew J. |last2=Fraser |first2=Don |last3=Koo |first3=Im Sig |last4=Davis |first4=Daniel G. |date=September 2010 |title=Land Locking: South Korean Islands Linked by Mammoth Job |journal=Roads & Bridges Magazine |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=26–29 |publisher=Scranton Gillette Communications |url=http://www.roadsbridges.com/articles/26_Korea%20Crossing%200910RB.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715191925/http://www.roadsbridges.com/articles/26_Korea%20Crossing%200910RB.pdf |archivedate=July 15, 2011 |ref=refYeoward2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}

External links

[http://en.structurae.de/projects/data/index.cfm?id=p0000609 Busan-Geoje Link] in the Structurae database. Retrieved on 2009-02-22.
{{Structurae | id = 20014427 | title = Busan-Geoje Bridge (I)| accessdate =February 22, 2009}}
{{Structurae | id = 20014428 | title = Busan-Geoje Bridge (II)| accessdate =February 22, 2009}}
{{Structurae | id = 20014426 | title = Busan-Geoje Tunnel| accessdate =February 22, 2009}}

Category:Bridges in Busan

Category:Bridges in South Gyeongsang Province

Category:Cable-stayed bridges in South Korea

Category:Toll bridges in South Korea

Category:Toll tunnels in Asia

Category:Cross-sea bridges in Asia

Category:Undersea tunnels in Asia

Category:Immersed tube tunnels in Asia

Category:Bridge–tunnels in Asia

Category:Bridges completed in 2010

Category:Tunnels completed in 2010

Category:Infrastructure completed in 2010