Bushwick Branch

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|image1=Maspeth Industrial Center Bushw LIRR jeh.JPG|caption1=Crossing over Flushing Avenue in Maspeth

|image2=WQEW Maspeth Bushw LIRR jeh.JPG|caption2=Looking west at the Flushing Avenue overpass

|image3=MaspethDSC02183 19.jpg|caption3=the Bushwick branch intersects Flushing Ave and requires using stairs to cross it

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The Bushwick Branch dates back to the South Side Railroad of Long Island. The South Side had been chartered on March 23, 1860 to build a railroad from Jamaica, Queens, all the way to Islip along the south shore of Long Island.{{Cite web|url=http://arrts-arrchives.com/SSRR.html|title=SOUTH SIDE RAILROAD|website=arrts-arrchives.com|access-date=March 3, 2016}} The South Side sought to build a line west of Jamaica to the East River so its passengers could connect to ferries that would take them into Manhattan.

The South Side originally wanted to build to Long Island City, and tried to buy out the interest of the New York and Flushing Railroad, a small competitor to the FNSRR. However, the LIRR, which was also looking for access to Long Island City, beat out the South Side bid for the New York and Flushing and bought it out instead. Thus, the only recourse for the South Side was to build a line from Jamaica to Fresh Pond, Queens, and then southwest into Bushwick.

On July 18, 1868, service on the branch began running to Bushwick, and on November 4 to the East River at the South Eighth Street station in Williamsburg, where passengers would take a ferry into Manhattan.{{Cite web|url=http://www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/branchnotes.htm#Bushwick|title=LIRR Branch Notes|website=www.trainsarefun.com|access-date=March 3, 2016}} Due to a local ordinance, steam locomotives were restricted in the vicinity; so horses pulled trains from the Bushwick Depot to the East River Ferry Terminal in 1868. Steam dummy engines (steam locomotives with a carbody covering) pulled trains from Bushwick Depot to East River Ferry Terminal between 1869 and 1873. The two main railroad routes leading to the East River ferry terminals were along Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, a route owned by the LIRR, and in Long Island City, a route owned by the Flushing and North Side Railroad (FNSRR). To provide a marine freight terminal, in the summer of 1869, a spur was built to the Newtown Creek at Furman's Island, which today is connected by landfill to the rest of Brooklyn.{{Cite web|url=http://arrts-arrchives.com/ssrrfurman.html|title=SSRR FURMANS ISLAND|website=arrts-arrchives.com|access-date=March 3, 2016}}

The LIRR service to Long Island City via the old New York and Flushing route was not well run and disliked by the public. Most chose the far superior Long Island City service offered by the Flushing and North Side Railroad. The LIRR abandoned its Long Island City service and sold its tracks east of Winfield, Queens, to the FNSRR. The rest of the route west of Winfield to Long Island City remained unused. Seeking an opportunity, the South Side decided to buy up the remaining tracks in 1872, and extended service west from Fresh Pond to Maspeth along Newtown Creek and on to Long Island City, thus gaining a new terminal on the East River (this line today is referred to by the LIRR as the Lower Montauk). However, the South Side only used this new line for freight service, due to the competing passenger service offered by FNSRR. Passenger trains still ran through Bushwick to Williamsburg.

Image:Bushwick Branch tanker car jeh.jpg

In 1874, the South Side, along with other railroads on Long Island such as the Central Railroad of Long Island and the FNSRR, came under control of wealthy local rubber baron Conrad Poppenhusen. The South Side was reorganized as the Southern Railroad of Long Island. By 1876, Poppenhusen also took control of the LIRR. Seeing the LIRR as the most formidable of his newly acquired railroads, he began to consolidate the competing roads into the LIRR. The LIRR thus gained the FNSRR tracks to Long Island City, making it the primary route for passengers and freight looking to reach Manhattan. The LIRR Atlantic Avenue line was cut back from South Ferry, Brooklyn, to a terminal at Flatbush Avenue, where passengers could transfer to the Fifth Avenue Elevated (and after 1910 the IRT subway) to reach Manhattan, thereby making Flatbush Avenue a secondary terminal for the LIRR. In 1876, most of the lines of the ex-Southern, referred to as the old Southern Road division, were immediately rerouted to Long Island City via the Lower Montauk branch; full integration of the old-Southern Road division with the LIRR Main Line would not be achieved until the Jamaica station improvement project of 1912-13. The ex-Southern line between Bushwick and Williamsburg was abandoned and cut back to a terminal at Bushwick. By the 1880s, Poppenhusen's successor Austin Corbin had successfully consolidated all the railroads. The Bushwick Branch, much like the Atlantic Branch to Flatbush Avenue, acted as a second terminal for the LIRR; however, it offered no convenient transit connections into other parts of Brooklyn and Manhattan.

The line was double-tracked in 1868, then reduced to a single track in 1876, but double-tracked again in 1892. In 1877, a station house was built at Bushwick station.{{Cite web|url=http://arrts-arrchives.com/ssrrbushwick.html|title=SSRR Stations|website=arrts-arrchives.com|access-date=March 3, 2016}}

Heavy industry in the area saw much use for the line in freight service, while the many industrial jobs in Bushwick warranted passenger commuter service for workers traveling to factories in the area. Nevertheless, the Bushwick Branch became a less and less important terminal, and the increasing prevalence of cars, as well as the fact of the branch had no direct transit connections into Manhattan, caused the branch's main passenger trade to begin to dwindle. By the early 1900s, LIRR began a series of electrification and grade elimination projects for its routes throughout Brooklyn and Queens. While its Main Line, Montauk Branch, Rockaway Beach Branch, and Atlantic Branch received these improvements, the Bushwick did not. By 1913, steam trains were eliminated along the line and replaced with battery-powered electric multiple-unit trains that were also used on the West Hempstead Branch.{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2000/10/bushwick-branch-lirr-in-brooklyn/|title=BUSHWICK BRANCH: LIRR in Brooklyn {{!}} {{!}} Forgotten New YorkForgotten New York|website=forgotten-ny.com|date=October 4, 2000|access-date=March 3, 2016}} These trains ran from Bushwick Junction to Bushwick. The last timetable to show this passenger service is from October 1923. Timetables from the era show fewer and fewer trains leaving from Bushwick Terminal. On May 13, 1924, passenger service was completely discontinued.

Despite the end of passenger service, limited freight service continues on the line. The Bushwick Branch was downgraded to a secondary freight track, most often referred to as the Bushwick Lead Track, and is accessed via LIRR's Fresh Pond Yard. The branch is mostly single-track with a few passing sidings.

In May 1997, all freight traffic on the LIRR was privatized and contracted out to the New York and Atlantic Railway, which leased the Fresh Pond Yard and the Bushwick Branch.{{Cite news|last=Steinberg|first=Carol|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/31/nyregion/bygone-era-s-revival-hauling-goods-by-rail.html|title=Bygone Era's Revival: Hauling Goods by Rail|date=January 31, 1999|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 26, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.lirrhistory.com/ssfpbj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000229104541/http://www.lirrhistory.com/ssfpbj.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 29, 2000|title=ssfpbj|website=www.lirrhistory.com|access-date=March 3, 2016}} The original Bushwick passenger terminal from the days of passenger trains was demolished only in 2005. Most freight traffic on the line today is garbage collection and transfer from factories in the area. This and the branch's limited use often cause the right of way to be littered with trash. The branch is between {{Convert|16|feet|meters|abbr=}} and {{Convert|100|feet|meters|abbr=}} wide.{{Cite book|title=An Assessment of the Transit Service Potential of Inactive Railroad Rights-of-way and Yards Final Report|date=October 1991|publisher=New York City Department of City Planning|pages=41–42}} In addition, the branch had become overgrown due to lack of use: a writer for The New York Times in 1993, riding on a Bushwick Branch train with a top speed of {{Convert|10|mph||abbr=}}, said that the train "rocked on the antique, uneven tracks like a ship at sea".{{Cite news|last=Wald|first=Matthew L.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/27/nyregion/taking-steps-to-revive-region-s-rail-freight.html|title=Taking Steps to Revive Region's Rail Freight|date=November 27, 1993|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 26, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

The Bushwick Branch has seven active grade crossings (the busiest is Metropolitan Avenue) along its route as of 2024, all of which are unprotected. This requires flag protection from train crews to safeguard motorists when movements are made through the crossing. Originally the crossings had crossing gate protection; however, due to the limited use of the line, they were deemed unnecessary and removed in 1990. The unprotected crossings restrict the trains and light engines to 10 MPH.

On March 10, 2004, an LIRR engine, EMD MP15AC #165, undergoing a quick turnaround switching move became uncoupled from two other engines, rolled down a slight incline in the Fresh Pond Yard and entered the Bushwick Branch. While passing through the unprotected crossings, the engine struck several vehicles, seriously injuring four motorists.{{Cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/11/nyregion/runaway-engine-injures-four-people-in-queens.html|title=Runaway Engine Injures Four People in Queens|date=March 11, 2004|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 26, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} The National Transportation Safety Board and Federal Railroad Administration investigation into the incident revealed that the engine's air brakes had failed, causing it to break loose and roll away. Parking brakes had not been applied due to the expected quick turnaround of the engines. The NTSB and FRA now mandate that air and parking brakes be applied to all engines or trains laying idle, regardless of the length of time that they will be laid up. The report also suggested that the pavement along each of the crossings be repaved to allow both trains and street traffic to move over the crossings more gently. In addition, they recommended that more advanced railroad crossing signs, and eventually crossing gates, be installed along the branch to protect motorists.

The MTA made major changes to the Bushwick Branch, replacing wooden crossbucks with flashing lights on overhead gantries at the Metropolitan Avenue crossing and only the crossbucks on a large pole seen at all other crossings on the branch.{{cite web |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2005/RAB0501.pdf |title=Railroad Accident Brief: Collision of Runaway Locomotive on Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York, on March 10, 2004 |date=April 18, 2005 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=November 23, 2011}}{{what|what is this paragraph trying to say? i or someone else should clear it up later|date=March 2024}}

{{expert needed|Trains|section|ex2=New York City|ex3=New York City Public Transportation|reason=Exact opening and closing dates|March=2014|date=September 2018}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{attached KML|display=inline,title}}

• {{commonscat-inline|Bushwick Branch (Long Island Rail Road)}}
• [http://www.oldnyc.com/bushwick/contents/bushwick.html Virtual tour of the Bushwick Branch, with photos]
• TrainsAreFun.com
• [http://www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/bushwick/bushwick.htm Bushwick Branch]
• [http://www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/bushwick/images/bushwick_1928.jpg Bushwick Branch maps drawn by Bob Emery; 1928] and [http://www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/bushwick/images/bushwick11_1958.jpg 1958]

{{Long Island Rail Road}}

Category:Bushwick, Brooklyn

Category:Long Island Rail Road branches

Category:Maspeth, Queens

Category:Railroads on Long Island

Category:Railway lines opened in 1868

Category:Standard-gauge railways in the United States

Category:Transportation in Brooklyn

Category:Transportation in Queens, New York