C/1961 R1 (Humason)

{{Short description|Non-periodic comet}}

{{distinguish|text=another long-period comet with the same name: C/1960 M1 (Humason)}}

{{Infobox Comet

| name = C/1961 R1 (Humason)

| image = Comet Humason (Palomar) September 4, 1962.jpg

| caption = Comet Humason photographed from the Palomar Observatory on 4 September 1962

| discoverer = Milton L. Humason

| discovery_date = 1 September 1961

| designations = 1961e
1962 VIII

| orbit_ref = {{r|jpldata}}

| epoch = 12 May 1963 (JD 2438161.5)

| observation_arc = 1,517 days (4.15 years)

| obs = 80

| perihelion = 2.133 AU

| aphelion = 408.71 AU

| semimajor = 205.42 AU

| eccentricity = 0.98961

| period = 2,883 years (inbound)
2,516 years (outbound)

| inclination = 153.278°

| asc_node = 155.439°

| arg_peri = 233.562°

| tjup = –1.588

| Earth_moid = 1.2247 AU

| Jupiter_moid = 1.0725 AU

| physical_ref = {{r|Irish_1964|Kidger_1997}}

| dimensions = {{cvt|30|–|41|km|mi}}

| M1 = 1.35–3.5

| M2 = 10.1

| magnitude =

| last_p = 10 December 1962

| next_p =

}}

Comet Humason, formally designated C/1961 R1 (a.k.a. 1962 VIII and 1961e), was a non-periodic comet discovered by Milton L. Humason on 1 September 1961. Its perihelion was well beyond the orbit of Mars, at 2.133 AU. The outbound orbital period is about 2,516 years.

Physical properties

It was a "giant" comet, much more active than a normal comet for its distance to the Sun, with an absolute magnitude of 1.35−3.5,{{r|Kidger_1997}} and a nucleus diameter estimated at {{cvt|30|–|40|km|mi}}.{{r|Irish_1964}} It could have been up to a hundred times brighter than an average new comet. It had an unusually disrupted or "turbulent" appearance.{{r|Brandt_2004}} It was also unusual in that the spectrum of its tail showed a strong predominance of the ion CO+, a result previously seen unambiguously only in C/1908 R1 (Morehouse).{{r|Huebner_1990}}

See also

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite book

| author1= J. C. Brandt

| author2= R. D. Chapman

| title= Introduction to Comets

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=CcSUeymd-14C&pg=PA156

| publisher= Cambridge University Press

| year= 2004

| page= 156

| isbn= 978-0-521-00466-4 }}

{{cite book

| author1= W. F. Huebner

| title= Physics and Chemistry of Comets

| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KJnvAAAAMAAJ

| publisher= Springer-Verlag

| year= 1990

| page= 246

| isbn= 978-0-387-51228-0

| issn= 0941-7834 }}

{{cite journal

| title= Comets: Comet Humason 1961e

| url= https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/1964IrAJ....6Q.191./ADS_PDF

| journal= Irish Astronomical Journal

| volume= 6

| pages= 191

| year= 1964

| bibcode= 1964IrAJ....6Q.191. }}

{{cite web

|title= C/1961 R1 – JPL Small-Body Database Lookup

| url= https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1961R1

| website= ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

| publisher= Jet Propulsion Laboratory

| access-date= 29 May 2019 }}

{{cite web

| author1= M. R. Kidger

| title= Comet Hale–Bopp Light Curve

| url= http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/news66.html

| website= jpl.nasa.gov

| publisher= NASA / JPL

| date= 3 April 1997

| access-date= 10 January 2025

| archive-date= 7 April 2023

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230407204015/https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/news66.html

| url-status= dead }}

}}