C.S. Unnikrishnan

Unnikrishnan received his M.Sc. degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras and his Ph.D. from the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University of Mumbai. He has also been a visiting researcher at the Kastler-Brossel Laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris and at the University of Paris 13.

Unnikrishnan is a renowned researcher in the field of foundational issues in gravity{{Cite journal |last1=LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration |last2=Abbott |first2=B. P. |last3=Abbott |first3=R. |last4=Abbott |first4=T. D. |last5=Abernathy |first5=M. R. |last6=Acernese |first6=F. |last7=Ackley |first7=K. |last8=Adams |first8=C. |last9=Adams |first9=T. |last10=Addesso |first10=P. |last11=Adhikari |first11=R. X. |last12=Adya |first12=V. B. |last13=Affeldt |first13=C. |last14=Agathos |first14=M. |last15=Agatsuma |first15=K. |date=2016-02-11 |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=061102 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102|pmid=26918975 |arxiv=1602.03837 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116f1102A |s2cid=119286014 }}{{Cite web |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |title=Gravity's Time |url=https://www.jennystanford.com/9789814877725/gravitys-time |access-date=2023-02-18 |website=Jenny Stanford Publishing |language=en-US}}{{Cite book |last=C.S |first=Unnikrishnan |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |edition= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |location=Switzerland |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |s2cid=253304794}}{{Citation |title=Galileo, Time and Space: Gravity affecting clocks | date=4 September 2008 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwus3FZKG3w |language=en |access-date=2023-02-21}} and quantum physics,{{Cite arXiv |last=d'Espagnat |first=Bernard |date=2003-02-21 |title=On the Unnikrishnan approach to the notion of locality |eprint=quant-ph/0302167 }} including quantum optics.{{Cite arXiv |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |date=2019-12-23 |title=Quantum Noise in Balanced Differential Measurements in Optics: Implication to the Wave Modes of Quantum Vacuum |class=quant-ph |eprint=1912.11362}} His expertise lies in experimental physics, and he has been instrumental in setting up the laser-cooling laboratory at TIFR,{{Cite web |last=G. S. |first=Mudur |title=Bose-Einstein feat in India |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/bose-einstein-feat-in-india/cid/681183 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}{{Cite web |title=- a-n The Artists Information Company |url=https://www.a-n.co.uk/blogs/khoj-residency-india/post/387397/ |access-date=2023-02-19 |language=en-GB}} Mumbai. He is well-versed in the use of torsion balances,{{Cite journal |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C S |date=1994-06-01 |title=Experimental gravitation in India: progress and challenges |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/015 |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |volume=11 |issue=6A |pages=A195–A206 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/11/6A/015 |s2cid=250885722 |issn=0264-9381|url-access=subscription }} interferometers,{{Cite journal |last=C. S. |first=Unnikrishnan |date=July 2000 |title=Origin of quantum-mechanical complementarity without momentum back action in atom-interferometry experiments |url=https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.62.015601 |journal=Physical Review A |volume=62 |issue=1|page=015601 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.62.015601 |bibcode=2000PhRvA..62a5601U |url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=C. S. |first=Unnikrishnan |date=3 December 2012 |title=Reexamining the roles of gravitational and inertial masses in gravimetry with atom interferometers |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012 |journal=Physics Letters A |volume=377 |issue=1–2 |pages=60–63|doi=10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.012 |bibcode=2012PhLA..377...60U |url-access=subscription }} laser cooled atoms,{{Cite web |last=ayecapitalist |title=Capitalist Muse |date=18 December 2011 |url=https://ayecapitalist.com/2011/12/18/the-higgs-boson-have-we-just-found-the-god-particle/?amp=1}} and Bose-Einstein Condensates{{Cite journal |last1=Pereira Dos Santos |first1=F. |last2=Léonard |first2=J. |last3=Wang |first3=Junmin |last4=Barrelet |first4=C. J. |last5=Perales |first5=F. |last6=Rasel |first6=E. |last7=Unnikrishnan |first7=C. S. |last8=Leduc |first8=M. |last9=Cohen-Tannoudji |first9=C. |date=2001-04-16 |title=Bose-Einstein Condensation of Metastable Helium |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=86 |issue=16 |pages=3459–3462 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3459|pmid=11327998 |arxiv=cond-mat/0103387 |bibcode=2001PhRvL..86.3459D }} for his experiments.{{Citation |title=The Unknown Real Nature of Light: ROWS 2020 Prof C S UNNIKRISHNAN | date=18 October 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GwkLeJSIKw |language=en |access-date=2023-02-22}}

Unnikrishnan's major theoretical contributions include the Theory of Cosmic Relativity{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=Cosmic Gravity and the Quantum Spin |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_13 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |pages=373–405 |editor-last= |editor-first= |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_13 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 |access-date=2023-02-23|url-access=subscription }}{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=Cosmic Relativity—The Theory and itItsrimary Fundamental Results |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_10 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=255–306 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_10 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 |access-date=2023-02-05|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |last=T. P. |first=Sooraj |title=ഐന്‍സ്റ്റീന്‍ സിദ്ധാന്തങ്ങളെ അടിമുടി നിരാകരിക്കുന്ന കണ്ടെത്തലുകള്‍ |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/essays/2022/jun/21/findings-that-refute-einsteins-theories-152100.html |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Samakalika Malayalam |date=21 June 2022 |language=ml}}{{Cite web |last=Namboothiri |first=VPN |date= |title=India's Physics community must lend its ears to Cosmic Relativity that challenges Einstein's theory |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/opinion-india-physics-community-must-lend-its-ears-to-cosmic-relativity-that-challenges-einstein-s-theory-ru85xe |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=en}} and Universal Action Mechanics. These theories have provided new insights into our understanding of the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics, and have opened up new avenues for further research. Cosmic Relativity,{{Citation |title=Talk 6 - Gravity's Time in Physics, Life, and GPS - Prof. C. S. Unnikrishnan | date=7 August 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JL8kJadMZY |language=en |access-date=2023-02-22}} replaces current theories of dynamics and relativity and argues that all relativistic phenomena and laws of dynamics are controlled by the gravitational potentials of matter and energy in the universe. It provides evidence and solutions to several major issues in fundamental physics.{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=The Paradigm of Cosmic Relativity and Its Evidence |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_1 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=3–29 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_1 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 |access-date=2023-02-05|url-access=subscription }}

The discovery of the quantization of the Hall effect, where the movement of electrons is restricted to a 2-D plane, was characterized by quantized plateaus in the Hall resistance and has a simple theory for the integer quantum Hall effect,{{Citation |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |title=The Quantum Hall Effects: Gravity in Condensed Matter |date=2022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_14 |work=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe: The Theory of Cosmic Relativity and Its Experimental Evidence |volume=209 |pages=407–444 |editor-last= |editor-first= |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0_14 |isbn=978-3-031-08935-0 |access-date=2023-02-05|url-access=subscription }} but there is still no proper understanding of the more spectacular fractional quantum Hall effect. The Cosmic Relativity theory offers a comprehensive understanding of both integer and fractional effects by modifying the quantum degeneracy due to cosmic gravitomagnetic interaction.{{Cite arXiv |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C. S. |date=2021-09-30 |title=A Coherent and Unified Single Particle Description of the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Effects |class=physics.gen-ph |eprint=2110.00343}}

Awards

• Breakthrough Prize in Physics (2016)
• [https://gruber.yale.edu/cosmology/press/2016-gruber-cosmology-prize-press-release#:~:text=The%20Gruber%20Foundation%20proudly%20presents,collision%20of%20two%20black%20holes. Gruber Prize in Cosmology] (2016)

Unnikrishnan is a key member and proposer-scientist of the LIGO-India{{Cite news |date=2016-02-12 |title=TIFR played a crucial role in gravitational wave detection |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/tifr-played-a-crucial-role-in-gravitational-wave-detection/articleshow/50967264.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-02-20 |issn=0971-8257}} project and has been a member of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC). He has made a significant impact in the field of gravitational waves{{Cite web |title=INSPIRE |url=https://inspirehep.net/authors/985214}} as he shared the Breakthrough Prize in Physics{{Cite web |title=Breakthrough Prize – Special Breakthrough Prize In Fundamental Physics Awarded For Detection Of Gravitational Waves 100 Years After Albert Einstein Predicted Their Existence |url=https://breakthroughprize.org/News/32 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=breakthroughprize.org |language=en}} and the Gruber Prize in Cosmology{{Cite web |title=2016 Gruber Cosmology Prize Press Release {{!}} Gruber Foundation |url=https://gruber.yale.edu/cosmology/press/2016-gruber-cosmology-prize-press-release#:~:text=The%20Gruber%20Foundation%20proudly%20presents,collision%20of%20two%20black%20holes. |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=gruber.yale.edu}} with the LSC in 2016 for their groundbreaking discovery.

He has held academic positions at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Mumbai, India, School of Quantum Technology at the Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) Pune, India and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore, India.

Unnikrishnan has published over 250 research papers and articles, and is also the author of two major works: his first monograph "Gravity's Time" and a major treatise "New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe".{{Cite book |last=Unnikrishnan |first=C.S. |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |volume=209 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |s2cid=253304794}} The treatise, which presents a new and innovative perspective on the foundational basis of relativity,{{Cite news |date=2018-02-28 |title=Newer theories to the fore at Physical Universe meet |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/newer-theories-to-the-fore-at-physical-universe-meet/articleshow/63101714.cms |access-date=2023-03-03 |issn=0971-8257}} has had a major impact in the field. The latter book calls for a change in the foundational basis of relativity and provides a solution to outstanding questions and puzzles about dynamics and relativity.

• Gravity's Time{{Cite web |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |title=Gravity's tTme |url=https://www.jennystanford.com/author/c-s-unnikrishnan/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Jenny Stanford Publishing |language=en-US}}
• New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe{{Cite book |last=C.S. |first=Unnikrishnan |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0 |title=New Relativity in the Gravitational Universe |series=Fundamental Theories of Physics |publisher=Springer |year=2022 |volume=209 |isbn=978-3-031-08934-3 |location=Switzerland |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-08935-0|s2cid=253304794 }}

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Category:Indian scientists

Category:Indian physicists

Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni

Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Category:Relativity theorists

Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation

Category:Indian quantum physicists

Category:21st-century Indian scientists

Category:1962 births

Category:Living people