CARMENES survey
{{Short description|Exoplanet survey}}
The CARMENES survey (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M-dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs) is a project to examine approximately 300 M-dwarf stars for signs of exoplanets with the CARMENES instrument on the Spanish Calar Alto's 3.5m telescope.{{Cite journal |title=The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210012796 |access-date=2022-04-03 |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|date=19 October 2020 |volume=642 |issue=A173 |last1=Nowak |first1=G. |last2=Luque |first2=R. |last3=Parviainen |first3=H. |last4=Pallé |first4=E. |last5=Molaverdikhani |first5=K. |last6=Béjar |first6=V. J. S. |last7=Lillo-Box |first7=J. |last8=Rodríguez-López |first8=C. |last9=Caballero |first9=J. A. |last10=Zechmeister |first10=M. |last11=Passegger |first11=V. M. |last12=Cifuentes |first12=C. |last13=Schweitzer |first13=A. |last14=Narita |first14=N. |last15=Cale |first15=B. |last16=Espinoza |first16=N. |last17=Murgas |first17=F. |last18=Hidalgo |first18=D. |last19=Osorio |first19=M. R. Zapatero |last20=Pozuelos |first20=F. J. |last21=Aceituno |first21=F. J. |last22=Amado |first22=P. J. |last23=Barkaoui |first23=K. |last24=Barrado |first24=D. |last25=Bauer |first25=F. F. |last26=Benkhaldoun |first26=Z. |last27=Caldwell |first27=D. A. |last28=Barris |first28=N. Casasayas |last29=Chaturvedi |first29=P. |last30=Chen |first30=G. |pages=A173 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202037867 |s2cid=211818198 |display-authors=1 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2003.01140 }}
Operating since 2016, it aims to find Earth-sized exoplanets around 2 {{Earth mass|link=y}} (Earth masses) using Doppler spectroscopy (also called the radial velocity method).{{Cite web |title=CARMENES helped in finding exoplanet proxy atmosphere |url=http://wwwtest.intra.test/news/detail/carmenes-contributes-to-finding-proxy-for-testing-observations-of-exoplanet-atmospheres |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Zentrum für Astronomie |language=en-US}} More than 20 exoplanets have been found through CARMENES, among them Teegarden b, considered one of the most potentially habitable exoplanets.{{Cite web |title=PHL @ UPR Arecibo - The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog |url=https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=phl.upr.edu |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=CARMENES confirma la presencia de un nuevo sistema planetario con un potencial mundo habitable |date=August 2019 |url=https://cab.inta-csic.es/noticias/carmenes-confirma-la-presencia-de-un-nuevo-sistema-planetario-con-un-potencial-mundo-habitable/28/}} Another potentially habitable planet found is Gliese 357 d.{{Cite web |title=PHL @ UPR Arecibo - The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog |url=https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=phl.upr.edu |language=en-US}}
Discoveries
| class="wikitable"
!Star !GJ !d [pc] !Sp. type !Planet !Porb [d] !M2sini [M⊕] |
| rowspan="2" |LP 729-54
| rowspan="2" |... | rowspan="2" |22.00 | rowspan="2" |M3.5 V |b |0.768377 |2.34 (TESS) |
| c
|12.252131 |6.29 (TESS) |
| TOI-1235
|... |39.680 |M0.5 V |b |3.444717 |5.90 (TESS) |
| CD Ceti
|1057 |8.069 |M5.0 V |b |2.29070 |3.95 |
| HD 79211
|338 B |6.334 |M0.0 V |b |24.45 |10.0 |
| rowspan="3" |TYC 6170-95-1 (EPIC 249893012)
| rowspan="3" |... | rowspan="3" |325 | rowspan="3" |G8 IV/V |b* |3.5949 |8.8 (K2) |
| c*
|15.624 |14.7 (K2) |
| d*
|35.747 |10 (K2) |
| rowspan="2" |LP 90-18 (GJ 3512)
| rowspan="2" |3512 | rowspan="2" |9.489 | rowspan="2" |M5.5 V |b |203.59 |147 |
| c
|>1390 |>54 |
| rowspan="3" |Gliese 357
| rowspan="3" |357 | rowspan="3" |9.444 | rowspan="3" |M2.5 V |b |3.93072 |1.84 (TESS) |
| c
|9.1247 |3.4 |
| d
|55.661 |6.1 |
| LSPM J2116+0234
|... |17.639 |M3.0 V |b |14.451 |13.6 |
| rowspan="2" |Teegarden's Star
| rowspan="2" |... | rowspan="2" |3.831 | rowspan="2" |M7.0 V |b |4.9100 |1.05 |
| c
|11.409 |1.11 |
| BD+61 195
|49 |9.856 |M1.5 V |b |13.851 |5.6 |
| rowspan="4" |K2-285
| rowspan="4" |... | rowspan="4" |156 | rowspan="4" |K2 V |b* |3.47175 |9.7 (K2) |
| c*
|7.13804 |16 (K2) |
| d*
|10.4560 |<6.5 (K2) |
| e*
|14.7634 |<10.7 (K2) |
| HD 119130
|... |114.3 |G3 V |b* |16.9841 |24 |
| G 232-70
|4276 |21.35 |M4.0 V |b |13.350 |15.6 |
| Barnard's Star
|699 |1.827 |M3.5 V |b |232.8 |3.2 |
| Ross 1020
|3779 |13.748 |M4.0 V |b |3.0232 |8.0 |
| LP 819-052
|1265 |10.255 |M4.5 V |b |3.6511 |7.4 |
| HD 180617
|752 A |5.912 |M2.5 V |b |105.90 |12.2 |
| HD 147379
|617 A |10.74 |M0.0 V |b |86.54 |24.7 |
| Ross 1003
|1148 |11.00 |M4.0 V |c |533 |68 |
| GX Andromedae
|15 A |3.562 |M1.0 V |c |7800 |50 |