CCL28

{{Short description|Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}

{{Infobox_gene}}

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28), also known as mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC), CCK1 and SCYA28, is a chemokine. CCL28 regulates the chemotaxis of cells that express the chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR10.

CCL28 is expressed by columnar epithelial cells in the gut, lung, breast and the salivary glands and drives the mucosal homing of T and B lymphocytes that express CCR10, and the migration of eosinophils expressing CCR3.{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodriguez MW, Paquet AC, Yang YH, Erle DJ | title = Differential gene expression by integrin beta 7+ and beta 7- memory T helper cells | journal = BMC Immunology | volume = 5 | pages = 13 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15236665 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2172-5-13 | pmc=476736 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kunkel EJ, Kim CH, Lazarus NH, Vierra MA, Soler D, Bowman EP, Butcher EC | title = CCR10 expression is a common feature of circulating and mucosal epithelial tissue IgA Ab-secreting cells | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 111 | issue = 7 | pages = 1001–10 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12671049 | doi = 10.1172/JCI17244 | pmc=152588}}{{cite journal | vauthors = John AE, Thomas MS, Berlin AA, Lukacs NW | title = Temporal production of CCL28 corresponds to eosinophil accumulation and airway hyperreactivity in allergic airway inflammation | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 166 | issue = 2 | pages = 345–53 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15681819 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62258-4 | pmc=1602329}} This chemokine is constitutively expressed in the colon, but its levels can be increased by pro-inflammatory cytokines and certain bacterial products implying a role in effector cell recruitment to sites of epithelial injury.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hieshima K, Ohtani H, Shibano M, Izawa D, Nakayama T, Kawasaki Y, Shiba F, Shiota M, Katou F, Saito T, Yoshie O | title = CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 170 | issue = 3 | pages = 1452–61 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12538707 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.170.3.1452 | doi-access = free }} CCL28 has also been implicated in the migration of IgA-expressing cells to the mammary gland,{{cite journal | vauthors = Wilson E, Butcher EC | title = CCL28 controls immunoglobulin (Ig)A plasma cell accumulation in the lactating mammary gland and IgA antibody transfer to the neonate | journal = The Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 200 | issue = 6 | pages = 805–9 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15381732 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20041069 | pmc=2211970}} salivary gland, intestine{{cite journal | vauthors = Feng N, Jaimes MC, Lazarus NH, Monak D, Zhang C, Butcher EC, Greenberg HB | title = Redundant role of chemokines CCL25/TECK and CCL28/MEC in IgA+ plasmablast recruitment to the intestinal lamina propria after rotavirus infection | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 176 | issue = 10 | pages = 5749–59 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16670280 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.176.10.5749 | doi-access = free }} and other mucosal tissues.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lazarus NH, Kunkel EJ, Johnston B, Wilson E, Youngman KR, Butcher EC | title = A common mucosal chemokine (mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine/CCL28) selectively attracts IgA plasmablasts | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 170 | issue = 7 | pages = 3799–805 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12646646 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3799 | doi-access = free }} It has also been shown as a potential antimicrobial agent effective against certain pathogens, such as Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans.

Human CCL28 is encoded by an RNA transcript of 373 nucleotides and a gene with four exons. The gene codes for a 127-amino acid CCL28 protein with a 22-amino acid N-terminal signal peptide. It shares 76% nucleic acid identity and 83% amino acid similarity to the equivalent molecule in mouse.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang W, Soto H, Oldham ER, Buchanan ME, Homey B, Catron D, Jenkins N, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Nguyen N, Abrams J, Kershenovich D, Smith K, McClanahan T, Vicari AP, Zlotnik A | title = Identification of a novel chemokine (CCL28), which binds CCR10 (GPR2) | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 29 | pages = 22313–23 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10781587 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M001461200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Pan J, Kunkel EJ, Gosslar U, Lazarus N, Langdon P, Broadwell K, Vierra MA, Genovese MC, Butcher EC, Soler D | title = A novel chemokine ligand for CCR10 and CCR3 expressed by epithelial cells in mucosal tissues | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 165 | issue = 6 | pages = 2943–9 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10975800 | doi=10.4049/jimmunol.165.6.2943| doi-access = free }} Sequence analysis has revealed CCL28 to be most similar to another CC chemokine called CCL27.