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CHFR

{{Short description|Enzyme}}

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{{Infobox_gene}}

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHFR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHFR gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Scolnick DM, Halazonetis TD | title = Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase | journal = Nature | volume = 406 | issue = 6794 | pages = 430–5 |date=Aug 2000 | pmid = 10935642 | doi = 10.1038/35019108 | bibcode = 2000Natur.406..430S | s2cid = 4401185 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kang D, Chen J, Wong J, Fang G | title = The checkpoint protein Chfr is a ligase that ubiquitinates Plk1 and inhibits Cdc2 at the G2 to M transition | journal = J Cell Biol | volume = 156 | issue = 2 | pages = 249–59 |date=Jan 2002 | pmid = 11807090 | pmc = 2199220 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200108016 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHFR checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains| website=YouTube | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUNjMlnJv4c}}

CHFR is recruited to sites of DNA damage and participates in the DNA damage response. CHFR has an important role in the survival of male premeiotic germ cells.{{cite journal|pmid=26566864 |date=2015 |last1=Lu |first1=L. Y. |last2=Yu |first2=X. |title=CHFR is important for the survival of male premeiotic germ cells |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=14 |issue=21 |pages=3454–3460 |doi=10.1080/15384101.2015.1093701 |pmc=4825563 }} About 30% of male CHFR knockout mice are infertile. In these knockout mice spermatogenesis onset is delayed and apoptosis in premeiotic germ cells is significantly increased. When these mice are 3 months old there is a complete loss of germ cells in their testes.

References

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External links

  • {{UCSC gene info|CHFR}}

Further reading

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  • {{cite journal | author=Chaturvedi P |title=Chfr regulates a mitotic stress pathway through its RING-finger domain with ubiquitin ligase activity |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=62 |issue= 6 |pages= 1797–801 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11912157 | author2=Sudakin V | author3=Bobiak ML | display-authors=3 | last4=Fisher | first4=PW | last5=Mattern | first5=MR | last6=Jablonski | first6=SA | last7=Hurle | first7=MR | last8=Zhu | first8=Y | last9=Yen | first9=TJ }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Mizuno K |title=Aberrant hypermethylation of the CHFR prophase checkpoint gene in human lung cancers |journal=Oncogene |volume=21 |issue= 15 |pages= 2328–33 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11948416 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1205402 | author2=Osada H | author3=Konishi H | display-authors=3 | last4=Tatematsu | first4=Yoshio | last5=Yatabe | first5=Yasushi | last6=Mitsudomi | first6=Tetsuya | last7=Fujii | first7=Yoshitaka | last8=Takahashi | first8=Takashi |s2cid=1447106 | doi-access= }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Stavridi ES |title=Crystal structure of the FHA domain of the Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein and its complex with tungstate |journal=Structure |volume=10 |issue= 7 |pages= 891–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12121644 |doi=10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00776-1 | author2=Huyen Y | author3=Loreto IR | display-authors=3 | last4=Scolnick | first4=Daniel M. | last5=Halazonetis | first5=Thanos D. | last6=Pavletich | first6=Nikola P. | last7=Jeffrey | first7=Philip D. | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Shibata Y |title=Chfr expression is downregulated by CpG island hypermethylation in esophageal cancer |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=23 |issue= 10 |pages= 1695–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12376479 |doi=10.1093/carcin/23.10.1695 | author2=Haruki N | author3=Kuwabara Y | display-authors=3 | last4=Ishiguro | first4=H | last5=Shinoda | first5=N | last6=Sato | first6=A | last7=Kimura | first7=M | last8=Koyama | first8=H | last9=Toyama | first9=T | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 | author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Corn PG |title=Frequent hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the mitotic stress checkpoint gene Chfr in colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer |journal=Carcinogenesis |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= 47–51 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12538348 |doi=10.1093/carcin/24.1.47 | author2=Summers MK | author3=Fogt F | display-authors=3 | last4=Virmani | first4=AK | last5=Gazdar | first5=AF | last6=Halazonetis | first6=TD | last7=El-Deiry | first7=WS | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Toyota M |title=Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR in human tumors |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=100 |issue= 13 |pages= 7818–23 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12810945 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.1337066100 | pmc=164671 | author2=Sasaki Y | author3=Satoh A | display-authors=3 | last4=Ogi | first4=K | last5=Kikuchi | first5=T | last6=Suzuki | first6=H | last7=Mita | first7=H | last8=Tanaka | first8=N | last9=Itoh | first9=F |bibcode=2003PNAS..100.7818T |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Bothos J |title=The Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein functions with Ubc13-Mms2 to form Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains |journal=Oncogene |volume=22 |issue= 46 |pages= 7101–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14562038 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1206831 | author2=Summers MK | author3=Venere M | display-authors=3 | last4=Scolnick | first4=Daniel M | last5=Halazonetis | first5=Thanos D |s2cid=34904290 |doi-access= }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Mariatos G |title=Inactivating mutations targeting the chfr mitotic checkpoint gene in human lung cancer |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 21 |pages= 7185–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14612512 | author2=Bothos J | author3=Zacharatos P | display-authors=3 | last4=Summers | first4=MK | last5=Scolnick | first5=DM | last6=Kittas | first6=C | last7=Halazonetis | first7=TD | last8=Gorgoulis | first8=VG }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Shtivelman E |title=Promotion of mitosis by activated protein kinase B after DNA damage involves polo-like kinase 1 and checkpoint protein CHFR |journal=Mol. Cancer Res. |volume=1 |issue= 13 |pages= 959–69 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14638868 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Bertholon J |title=Chfr inactivation is not associated to chromosomal instability in colon cancers |journal=Oncogene |volume=22 |issue= 55 |pages= 8956–60 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14654793 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1207078 | author2=Wang Q | author3=Falette N | display-authors=3 | last4=Verny | first4=Carole | last5=Auclair | first5=Jessie | last6=Chassot | first6=Christelle | last7=Navarro | first7=Claudine | last8=Saurin | first8=Jean-Christophe | last9=Puisieux | first9=Alain |s2cid=8538887 | doi-access= }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Erson AE, Petty EM |title=CHFR-associated early G2/M checkpoint defects in breast cancer cells |journal=Mol. Carcinog. |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 26–33 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14694445 |doi= 10.1002/mc.10161 |hdl=2027.42/35063 |s2cid=25674441 |url= https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35063/1/10161_ftp.pdf |hdl-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Satoh A |title=Epigenetic inactivation of CHFR and sensitivity to microtubule inhibitors in gastric cancer |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=63 |issue= 24 |pages= 8606–13 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14695171 | author2=Toyota M | author3=Itoh F | display-authors=3 | last4=Sasaki | first4=Y | last5=Suzuki | first5=H | last6=Ogi | first6=K | last7=Kikuchi | first7=T | last8=Mita | first8=H | last9=Yamashita | first9=T }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Ota T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 | author2=Suzuki Y | author3=Nishikawa T | display-authors=3 | last4=Otsuki | first4=Tetsuji | last5=Sugiyama | first5=Tomoyasu | last6=Irie | first6=Ryotaro | last7=Wakamatsu | first7=Ai | last8=Hayashi | first8=Koji | last9=Sato | first9=Hiroyuki | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Kang HC |title=Promoter hypermethylation and silencing of CHFR mitotic stress checkpoint gene in human gastric cancers |journal=Oncol. Rep. |volume=12 |issue= 1 |pages= 129–33 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15201973 |doi= 10.3892/or.12.1.129| author2=Kim IJ | author3=Park JH | display-authors=3 | last4=Shin | first4=Y | last5=Park | first5=HW | last6=Ku | first6=JL | last7=Yang | first7=HK | last8=Lee | first8=KU | last9=Choe | first9=KJ }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Matsusaka T, Pines J |title=Chfr acts with the p38 stress kinases to block entry to mitosis in mammalian cells |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=166 |issue= 4 |pages= 507–16 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15302856 |doi= 10.1083/jcb.200401139 | pmc=2172205 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Daniels MJ, Marson A, Venkitaraman AR |title=PML bodies control the nuclear dynamics and function of the CHFR mitotic checkpoint protein |journal=Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. |volume=11 |issue= 11 |pages= 1114–21 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15467728 |doi= 10.1038/nsmb837 |s2cid=246702 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 | author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }}

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