CJC-1295

CJC-1295 may markedly increase plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in animals and humans.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ionescu M, Frohman LA | title = Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 91 | issue = 12 | pages = 4792–7 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17018654 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2006-1702 | doi-access = free }} With a single injection, in human subjects, CJC-1295 DAC may increase plasma GH levels by 2- to 10-fold for 6 days or longer and plasma IGF-1 levels by 0.5- to 3-fold for 9 to 11 days. With the inclusion of the DAC additive, the drug has an estimated half-life of about 6 to 8 days in humans. With multiple doses of CJC-1295, IGF-1 levels were found to remain elevated in humans for up to 28 days.

CJC-1295 has been shown to extend the half-life and bioavailability of growth-hormone-releasing hormone 1-29 and stimulate insulin-like growth factor 1 secretion. It increases the half-life of acting agents by bioconjugation.{{cite web|title=Current Research Findings Regarding CJC-1295|date=2 June 2015|url=http://neobiolab.com/research/current-research-findings-regarding-cjc-1295|publisher=Neo Scientific|access-date=3 August 2015|quote=The reason why CJC1295 possesses the ability to lengthen the half-life within the active agent has to do with the scientific process known as bioconjugation. This technology, which is relatively new in nature, is defined by its ability to take a reactive group and bond it to a peptide (Aslam and Dent). This attachment causes a reaction with a nucleophilic unit; a typically partially molecule that is found within the bloodstream of an animal test subject. This reaction in turn causes a more stable bond to occur. This specific peptide has an especially high attraction to albumin, a globular protein that is soluble in water. This affinity prohibits natural degradation, which in turn increases the peptide’s half-life (Hermanson). Additionally, clinical research performed on animal test subjects has thus far shown that there have been no signs of DPP-IV degradation present when CJC-1295 was introduced (Gonzalez, US Peptide Articles).|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407152922/http://neobiolab.com/research/current-research-findings-regarding-cjc-1295|url-status=dead}} The extended half-life is achieved through the addition of a drug affinity complex (DAC) that binds to albumin, thus prolonging the peptide's presence in the bloodstream.{{cite journal | vauthors = Memdouh S, Gavrilović I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V | title = Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 13 | issue = 11-12 | pages = 1871–1887 | date = November 2021 | pmid = 34665524 | doi = 10.1002/dta.3183 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Hu ZY, Wang WJ, Hu L, Shi JH, Jiang SL | title = Comprehending the intermolecular interaction of dacomitinib with bovine serum albumin: experimental and theoretical approaches | journal = Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics | volume = 42 | issue = 7 | pages = 3579–3592 | date = April 2024 | pmid = 37288787 | doi = 10.1080/07391102.2023.2218926 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP | title = Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 146 | issue = 7 | pages = 3052–3058 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 15817669 | doi = 10.1210/en.2004-1286 }} It is primarily used for its potential to stimulate the release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland.{{cite journal | vauthors = Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ | title = Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects | journal = Growth Hormone & IGF Research | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 471–477 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19386527 | doi = 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.03.001 | pmc = 2787983 }}

CJC-1295 was under investigation for the treatment of lipodystrophy and growth hormone deficiency and reached phase II clinical trials but was discontinued upon the death of one of the trial subjects.{{cite journal| vauthors = Hartvig RA, Holm NB, Dalsgaard PW, Reitzel LA, Müller IB, Linnet K |title=Identification of peptide and protein doping related drug compounds confiscated in Denmark between 2007-2013|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science|volume=20|issue=2|year=2014|pages=42–49|issn=2353-0707|doi=10.2478/sjfs-2014-0003|doi-access=free}}{{cite web|url=http://www.natap.org/2006/newsUpdates/081106_02.htm|author=ConjuChem|title=Patient Died in Lipodystrophy Drug Study|date=August 2006|access-date=2015-06-13|archive-date=2017-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106065138/http://www.natap.org/2006/newsUpdates/081106_02.htm|url-status=dead}} The attending physician of the trial believed that the most likely explanation for the incident was that the patient had asymptomatic coronary artery disease with plaque rupture and occlusion, and that the occurrence was unrelated to treatment with CJC-1295. Research was terminated nonetheless as a precaution. CJC-1295 has found grey market use for bodybuilding purposes, with this, in some countries such as the Netherlands, being an illicit use.{{cite journal | vauthors = Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P | title = Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation | journal = Drug Testing and Analysis | volume = 2 | issue = 11–12 | pages = 647–50 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21204297 | doi = 10.1002/dta.233 }}

CJC-1295 and Modified GRF (1-29) is equated falsely in several scientific papers.{{cite journal| author=Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Tretzel L, Brinkkötter P, Fichant E, Delahaut P | display-authors=etal| title=Expanded test method for peptides >2 kDa employing immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS. | journal=Drug Test Anal | year= 2015 | volume= 7 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 990-8 | pmid=26382721 | doi=10.1002/dta.1868 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26382721 }} {{cite journal| author=Memdouh S, Gavrilović I, Ng K, Cowan D, Abbate V| title=Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. | journal=Drug Test Anal | year= 2021 | volume= 13 | issue= 11-12 | pages= 1871-1887 | pmid=34665524 | doi=10.1002/dta.3183 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=34665524 | doi-access=free }} CJC-1295, CJC-1295 DAC, and CJC-1295 with DAC are synonyms, while Modified GRF (1-29), also known as CJC-1295 without DAC, lacks the C-terminus extension with N^ɛ-maleimidopropionyl-Lysine, which is referred to as DAC.{{cite journal| author=Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA| title=Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2006 | volume= 91 | issue= 3 | pages= 799-805 | pmid=16352683 | doi=10.1210/jc.2005-1536 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16352683 }}

The IUPAC modification nomenclature for the peptide CJC-1295 is N^ɛ30-maleimidopropionyl-[D-Ala², Gln⁸, Ala¹⁵, Leu²⁷]-Sermorelin-Lys³⁰.

Sermorelin: H-Tyr-Ala²-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn⁸-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly¹⁵-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met²⁷-Ser-Arg-NH₂

CJC-1295 without DAC: H-Tyr-D-Ala²-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln⁸-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala¹⁵-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu²⁷-Ser-Arg-NH₂

CJC-1295: H-Tyr-D-Ala²-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln⁸-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala¹⁵-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu²⁷-Ser-Arg-(N^ɛ-maleimidopropionyl-)Lys³⁰-NH₂

• List of growth hormone secretagogues

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• [http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800018006 CJC-1295 - AdisInsight]

{{GH/IGF-1 axis signaling modulators}}

Category:Abandoned drugs

Category:Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor agonists

Category:Growth hormone secretagogues

Category:Peptide therapeutics

Category:World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited substances