CORONAS programme
Complex Orbital Observations Near-Earth of Activity of the Sun, or CORONAS, was a Russian Solar observation satellite programme. Three satellites were launched: CORONAS-I, CORONAS-F, and CORONAS-Photon.
CORONAS-I
File:StampofUkraine2006_Kosmos_Koronas1.jpg
{{main|:ru:КОРОНАС-И}}
CORONAS-I was launched in 1994.{{cite web |title=WMO OSCAR {{!}} Satellite: Coronas-I |url=https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/coronas_i |website=space.oscar.wmo.int |access-date=22 October 2024}}
The satellites had 12 instrumenents:
- TEREK-C - Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph
- RES-C - Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter
- DIOGENESS - Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares
- HELICON - Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer
- IRIS - Solar Burst Spectrometer
- SUFR-Sp-C - Solar UV Radiometer
- VUSS - Vacuum UV Solar spectrum
- DIFOS - Solar Flux Optical Photometer
- SORS - Solar Radiospectrometer
- SKL-particles - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - particles
- AVS - Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser
- SKL-rad - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - radiation
CORONAS-F
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CORONAS-I was launched in 2001 and worked until 2005.{{cite web |title=WMO OSCAR {{!}} Satellite: Coronas-F |url=https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/coronas_f |website=space.oscar.wmo.int |access-date=22 October 2024}}{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39268-9_1|title=The Coronas-F Space Mission: Key Results for Solar Terrestrial Physics|first=V. D.|last=Kuznetsov|chapter=CORONAS-F Project: The Study of Solar Activity and Its Effects on the Earth |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |editor-first=Vladimir|editor-last=Kuznetsov|date=October 22, 2014|volume=400 |publisher=Springer|pages=1–26|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-39268-9_1|isbn=978-3-642-39268-9 }}
The satellites had 16 instrumenents:
- TEREK-C - Solar XUV Telescope/Coronagraph
- RES-C - Solar X-ray Spectral Polarimeter
- DIOGENESS - Diagnostic of Energy Sources and Sinks in Flares
- HELICON - Solar X-ray and gamma-ray Scintillation Spectrometer
- IRIS - Solar Burst Spectrometer
- SUFR-Sp-C - Solar UV Radiometer
- VUSS - Vacuum UV Solar spectrum
- DIFOS - Solar Flux Optical Photometer
- SORS - Solar Radiospectrometer
- SKL-particles - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - particles
- SPR-N - Solar X-ray Polarimeter
- RESIK - X-ray Spectrometer
- AVS - Amplitude-time Spectrum Analyser
- RPS-1 - X-ray Semi-conductor Spectrometer
- IMAP-5 - Three-axis Magnetometer
- SKL-rad - Solar Cosmic-ray Spectrometer Complex - radiation
CORONAS-Photon
{{main|CORONAS-Photon}}
CORONAS-Photon was launched on 30 January 2009, from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, aboard the final flight of the Tsyklon-3 rocket. On 1 December 2009 all scientific instruments on the satellite were turned off due to the problems with power supply that were caused by a design flaw.
{{Cite news
| script-title=ru:Спутник "Коронас-Фотон" не работает из-за проблем с питанием
| url = http://www.rian.ru/science/20091211/198635487.html
| agency = RIA Novosti
| date = 2009-12-11
| language = ru
|trans-title=Coronas-Foton satellite doesn't work due to the problems with the power supply
}}
{{Cite news
| script-title=ru:"Коронас-Фотон" сломался из-за переоценки ресурса аккумуляторов
| url = http://www.rian.ru/science/20100111/203883494.html
| agency = RIA Novosti
| date = 2010-01-11
| language = ru
|trans-title=Coronas-Foton broke down because battery resource was underestimated
}}
On 18 April 2010 the creators of the satellite announced it was lost "with a good deal of certainty".[http://www.tesis.lebedev.ru/info/tesis_20100418.php КОРОНАС-ФОТОН, по-видимому, умер] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422212238/http://www.tesis.lebedev.ru/info/tesis_20100418.php |date=2010-04-22 }} [Coronas-Foton is apparently dead] (in Russian). Official press release of the Laboratory of X-Ray Astronomy of the Sun of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
{{Cite news
| script-title=ru:Солнце не смогло оживить научный спутник "Коронас-Фотон"
| url = http://www.rian.ru/science/20100418/223944222.html
| agency = RIA Novosti
| date = 2010-04-19
| language = ru
|trans-title=The Sun couldn't revive the Coronas-Foton scientific satellite
}}
The satellite had 11 instruments:{{cite web |title=WMO OSCAR {{!}} Satellite: Coronas-Photon |url=https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/coronas_photon |website=space.oscar.wmo.int |access-date=22 October 2024}}
- Natalya-2M-rad - High energy radiation spectrometer - radiation
- RT-2 - Roentgen Telescope-2
- Penguin-M - Hard X-ray polarimeter-spectrometer
- Konus-RF - X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometer
- BRM - Fast X-ray Monitor
- PHOKA - Multi-channel ultraviolet monitor
- TESIS - Telescope-spectrometer for imaging solar spectroscopy in X-rays
- Electron-M-PESCA - Charged particle analyzer
- STEP-F - Satellite telescope of electrons and protons
- Natalya-2M-particles - High energy radiation spectrometer - particles
- SM-8M Magnetometer