COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala#Timeline
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala
| image_size =
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| map3 =
| legend3 =
| first_case = Guatemala City
| disease = COVID-19
| virus_strain = SARS-CoV-2
| location = Guatemala
| arrival_date = 13 March 2020
({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=03|day1=13|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| deaths = 16,097{{cite web|url=https://www.mspas.gob.gt/index.php/noticias/coronavirus-2019-ncov/casos|title=Coronavirus|publisher=Ministerio de Salud Pública (Guatemala)|language=es}}
| confirmed_cases = 142,064{{cite web |title=Twitter |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/GuatemalaGob/|access-date=7 January 2021}}
| suspected_cases = 61,600
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage|2379|62562|2}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.mspas.gob.gt}}
}}
The COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala is a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The virus was confirmed to have reached Guatemala in March 2020.
Background
On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center |last=Elsevier |website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}{{Cite news |last=Reynolds |first=Matt |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus |title=What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a pandemic? |date=4 March 2020 |magazine=Wired UK|access-date=5 March 2020 |issn=1357-0978|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305104806/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-coronavirus|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}} The case fatality ratio for C{{Cite web|last=Cuffe|first=Sandra|title=Anger grows in Guatemala over COVID vaccine rollout, corruption|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/13/guatemala-discontent-grows-over-covid-vaccine-rollout-corruption|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}} OVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003,{{cite web |url= https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/ |title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus |website=Imperial News|date=13 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid |title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England |website=GOV.UK |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}} but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.{{cite web |url= https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus |title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus |website=www.wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}
On January 31, president of Guatemala Alejandro Giammattei issued a prohibition for the arrival of visitors coming from the People's Republic of China due to the international concern for the outbreak that originated in Wuhan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.perspectiva.com.gt/noticias/coronavirus-guatemala-prohibe-ingreso-a-personas-procedentes-de-china/|title=Coronavirus: Guatemala prohíbe ingreso a personas procedentes de China|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-date=20 March 2020|publisher=PERSPECTIVA|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320003238/https://www.perspectiva.com.gt/noticias/coronavirus-guatemala-prohibe-ingreso-a-personas-procedentes-de-china/|url-status=dead}}
On February 25, the government implements safety procedures for travellers coming from high-risk countries who are entering Guatemala from any terrestrial, maritime or aerial transport. These countries include China, South Korea, Iran and every European country.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
Throughout the pandemic, there have been corruption scandals related to a fraud ring inside the ministry and fraudulent test purchases. Hence, there have been protests throughout the country, mainly in Guatemala City, where citizens stood up for more protective equipment for frontline workers, against ongoing labour rights violations and pandemic-related corruption.
{{clear}}
Timeline
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}}
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| image1 = COVID-19-Pandemie - GT (Guatemala) - Infizierte (800px).svg
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| caption2 = Deaths
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On 13 March 2020, the first case in Guatemala, a Guatemalan man who traveled from Italy to Guatemala, was confirmed.{{Cite news|url=https://www.prensalibre.com/guatemala/comunitario/coronavirus-alejandro-giammattei-confirma-el-primer-caso-de-covid-19-en-Guatemala/|title=Coronavirus: Alejandro Giammattei confirma el primer caso de covid-19 en Guatemala|website=Prensa Libre|date=13 March 2020|language=es}} The man arrived in Villa Nueva, a suburb of Guatemala City, along with two of his family members and five Salvadorans on an Aeroméxico flight.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
Two days prior to the country's first case, the Guatemalan government banned entry to citizens of all European countries, Iran, China and South Korea, which was put into effect on 12 March.{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/Guatemala-to-ban-entry-of-Europeans-Chinese-others-to-keep-out-coronavirus|title=Guatemala to ban entry of Europeans, Chinese, others to keep out coronavirus|work=National Post|agency=Reuters|date=11 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530021401/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/guatemala-to-ban-entry-of-europeans-chinese-others-to-keep-out-coronavirus|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=dead}}
On 13 March 2020, the Guatemalan government extended its travel restrictions to travelers from the US and Canada.{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-03-13/Guatemala-bans-arrivals-from-us-Canada-to-fight-corona-virus-spread|title=Guatemala Bans Arrivals From U.S., Canada to Fight Corona-virus|work=U.S. News|date=13 March 2020|language=en-US|access-date=15 March 2020}} Starting on 16 March, no travelers coming from these countries will be allowed to enter Guatemala, until March 31 (15 day quarantine is in place as of March 16).{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
On 15 March 2020, the Guatemalan government confirmed its second case and the first COVID-19 death in the country. an 85-year-old man who arrived from Madrid with his family nine days earlier.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mspas.gob.gt/index.php/noticias/noticias-mspas/item/778-el-ministerio-de-salud-publica-y-asistencia-social-mspas-informa-a-la-poblacion-en-general|title=Ministerio de Salud Publica: Comunicado No. 36|language=es|date=March 2020}} The same day, the Guatemalan government cancels all public events and prohibits agglomerations of more than 100 people. All public and private schools and universities are to be closed for at least three weeks. Holy Week celebrations are also cancelled.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mspas.gob.gt/index.php/noticias/comunicados/item/772-el-ministerio-de-salud-publica-y-asistencia-social-mspas-informa-a-la-poblacion-en-general=El|title=Ministerio de Salud Publica: Comunicado No. 33|language=es|date=March 2020}}
On March 21, 2020, the Guatemalan President Alejandro Giammattei alongside its vice-president and the Council Of Ministry declared a nationwide curfew and a global travel ban, in an effort to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent the spreading of the virus.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
On April 23, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights calls on Mexican and Central American governments to halt deportations during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2,500 migrants are stuck in Panama because Honduras has closed its border. Mexico has dumped migrants in Guatemala, but Guatemala has not let them in. On April 23 the organization helped 41 migrants return to El Salvador from Mexico.{{cite web |title=UN alarmed by migrants caught in no-man's land at borders |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/alarmed-migrants-caught-mans-land-borders-70319948 |website=ABC News |access-date=Apr 24, 2020 |language=en}}
On April 26, Mexico's National Institute of Migration (INM) empties the 65 migrant detention centers it has across the country by returning 3,653 people to Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras in the hope of preventing outbreaks of COVID-19.{{cite web |title=Mexico returns Central Americans, empties migrant centers |url=https://apnews.com/6cc8145db3e674ef19b057c47cb7b00d |website=AP NEWS |access-date=Apr 27, 2020 |date=26 April 2020}}
At least forty Mexican and Guatemalan farm workers in Canada have coronavirus, according to the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) union on May 2.{{cite web |title=Detectan a trabajadores agrícolas mexicanos con COVID-19 en Canadá |url=https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Detectan-a-trabajadores-agricolas-mexicanos-con-COVID-19-en-Canada-20200502-0059.html |website=El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |language=es-ES}}
On May 25, at least two hundred textile workers at the ′′K.P. Textil′′ plant in San Miguel Petapa tested positive for COVID-19. Nine cases were reported at the plant on May 12, but human rights groups complain that no action was taken at the time. Guatemala reported more than 3,300 confirmed infections and 58 deaths.{{cite web |title=More than 200 COVID-19 infections at Guatemala textile plant |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/200-covid-19-infections-guatemala-textile-plant-70874613 |website=ABC News |access-date=May 26, 2020 |language=en}}
On 18 September, Guatemalan President Alejandro Giammattei said that he tested positive for the coronavirus.{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/09/18/913693550/president-of-guatemala-tests-positive-for-covid-19|title = President of Guatemala Tests Positive for COVID-19|website = NPR|date = 18 September 2020|last1 = Peñaloza|first1 = Marisa}}
Statistics
= Daily New Confirmed Cases =
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= Daily New Deaths =
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Vaccination
Guatemala has developed a vaccination campaign in four phases: (1) health professionals, (2a) People over 70, (2b) people over 50, (3) essential workers, (4) people over 18.{{Cite web|date=31 May 2021|title=Plan Nacional de Vacunacion|url=https://guatemala.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Plan-Nacional-de-Vacunacio%CC%81n-COVID-19-y-Anexos-r.pdf|url-status=live|website=Government of Guatemala|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318051331/https://guatemala.gob.gt/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Plan-Nacional-de-Vacunacio%CC%81n-COVID-19-y-Anexos-r.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2021 }} Each phase is categorized in more specific subgroups. Guatemala is among the countries with the slowest vaccine roll out in Central America. By the end of May 2021, Guatemala has administered 2.36 doses per 100 people.{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the Americas|url=https://ais.paho.org/imm/IM_DosisAdmin-Vacunacion.asp|access-date=2021-05-31|website=ais.paho.org}} Similar to other countries in the region, Guatemala has received 403,000 vaccines doses through the COVAX mechanism, a global initiative that aims at equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines.{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Power BI|url=https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMjA5ZDAxMmEtYTljNC00M2I0LWE5MjUtYWQzZGQxNDc4OThhIiwidCI6ImU2MTBlNzljLTJlYzAtNGUwZi04YTE0LTFlNGIxMDE1MTlmNyIsImMiOjR9|access-date=2021-05-31|website=app.powerbi.com}} Furthermore, Guatemala has received donations from Israel, India and Russia which makes a total of 658,200 doses out of which 90 percent consist of AstraZeneca's Covishield vaccine. However, by the end of May 2021 only 429,959 doses have been administered. The supply of Guatemala as of May 2021 covers 44.7% of the population.{{Cite web|title=Timeline: Tracking Latin America's Road to Vaccination|url=https://www.as-coa.org/articles/timeline-tracking-latin-americas-road-vaccination|access-date=2021-05-31|website=AS/COA|language=en}} Like Honduras, Nicaragua and Paraguay, Guatemala is not a recipient of vaccine donations from China, as they have diplomatic ties with Taiwan instead of China and recognize Taipei over Beijing.{{Cite web|title=Vaccines Reignite China vs. Taiwan Debate in Latin America|url=https://www.as-coa.org/articles/vaccines-reignite-china-vs-taiwan-debate-latin-america|access-date=2021-05-31|website=AS/COA|date=12 May 2021 |language=en}} As the vaccination roll out has been slow and the government failed to prepare cold storages, vaccine centres and personnel in time, some of vaccine doses may expire by June 2021.
See also
{{div col}}
- COVID-19 pandemic in North America
- COVID-19 pandemic by country
- 2020 in Guatemala
- 2020 in Central America
- List of epidemics
- History of smallpox in Mexico
- Cocoliztli epidemics
- 1889–1890 flu pandemic
- 1918-20 Spanish flu pandemic
- 1968 Hong Kong flu pandemic
- HIV/AIDS
- 2019–2020 dengue fever epidemic
- 2002–2004 SARS outbreak
- Mumps outbreaks in the 21st century
- 2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak
{{end div col}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}