CYYR1

The product of the gene is a single pass type 1 transmembrane protein with four exons and a very large intron of 85.8 kb and coding for a protein containing 154 amino acids.{{cite web | title = Cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein 1 precursor - Homo sapiens| url = https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q96J86}} The most prominent feature identified in the protein is a central, unique cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein domain, on portion of the protein which is located inside the cell. This domain is found to be strongly conserved from lower vertebrates (fishes) to humans but is absent in bacteria and invertebrates.

Bioinformatic analysis predicted the following properties for CYYR1:

• Molecular Weight = 16.6kdal
• Isoelectric Point = 8.28

The amino acid sequence is 153 amino acids long and contains 3 domains.[http://workbench.sdsc.edu/ SDSC Biology Workbench 2.0]

1   MDAPRLPVRP GVLLPKLVLL FVYADDCLAQ CGKDCKSYCC DGTTPYCCSY
51  YAYIGNILSG TAIAGIVFGI VFIMGVIAGI AICICMCMKN HRATRVGILR
101 TTHINTVSSY PGPPPYGHDH EMEYCDLPPP YSPTPQGPAQ RSPPPPYPGN
151 ARK

Using bioinformatic tools the following domains were determined:

• Signal Peptide - Position 1-29
• Transmembrane Domain - Position 62-82
• Poly-Proline Domain - Position 144-149

Multiple sequence alignments were done with orthologs of the CYYR1 gene and they show that the protein sequence is highly conserved throughout all vertebrates.

There are no known or predicted paralogs in Homo sapiens.

CYYR1 has been shown to increase glutathione (GSH) level in yeast cells when complementing a defect in GSH uptake in yeast cells that lack Hgt1p, the primary yeast GSH uptake transporter.{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi S, Notenboom S, Dumont ME, Ballatori N | title = Identification of Human Gene Products Containing Pro-Pro-x-Tyr (PY) Motifs that Enhance Glutathione and Endocytotic Marker Uptake in Yeast | journal = Cell Physiol Biochem | volume = 25 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 293–306 |date=Jan 2010 | pmid = 20110690 | pmc = 3030462 | doi =10.1159/000276570 }} However, the CYYR1 gene is not naturally found in yeast, so function of CYYR1 is still unknown.

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin | 2}}

• {{cite journal | vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
• {{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K | author3=Maruyama K | display-authors=3 | last4=Suyama | first4=Akira | last5=Sugano | first5=Sumio }}
• {{cite journal | author=Hattori M |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21 |journal=Nature |volume=405 |issue= 6784 |pages= 311–9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10830953 |doi= 10.1038/35012518 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Fujiyama A | author3=Taylor TD | display-authors=3 | last4=Taylor | first4=T. D. | last5=Watanabe | first5=H. | last6=Yada | first6=T. | last7=Park | first7=H.-S. | last8=Toyoda | first8=A. | last9=Ishii | first9=K. |bibcode=2000Natur.405..311H | doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal | author=Ota T |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Suzuki Y | author3=Nishikawa T | display-authors=3 | last4=Otsuki | first4=Tetsuji | last5=Sugiyama | first5=Tomoyasu | last6=Irie | first6=Ryotaro | last7=Wakamatsu | first7=Ai | last8=Hayashi | first8=Koji | last9=Sato | first9=Hiroyuki | doi-access=free }}
• {{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }}
• {{cite journal | author=Vitale L |title=Sequence, "subtle" alternative splicing and expression of the CYYR1 (cysteine/tyrosine-rich 1) mRNA in human neuroendocrine tumors |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=7|pages= 66 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17442112 |doi= 10.1186/1471-2407-7-66 | pmc=1863428 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Frabetti F | author3=Huntsman SA | display-authors=3 | last4=Canaider | first4=Silvia | last5=Casadei | first5=Raffaella | last6=Lenzi | first6=Luca | last7=Facchin | first7=Federica | last8=Carinci | first8=Paolo | last9=Zannotti | first9=Maria |doi-access=free }}

{{refend}}

{{gene-21-stub}}