Cadastral community

{{Short description|Central European type of municipality}}

A cadastral community{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7K0WAQAAIAAJ | title = Report on archives in the enlarged European Union: increased archival cooperation in Europe : action plan | author = European Commission. National Experts Group on Archives, Council of the European Union | publisher = Office for Official Publications of the European Communities | year = 2005 | isbn = 9279008706 | page = 97 | access-date = 2012-06-07}}{{cite book | url = http://www.stat.si/letopis/2011/31_11/31-01-11.htm | title = Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Slovenia | publisher = Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia | year = 2008 | page = 33 | access-date = 2012-06-07}} (or cadastre community,{{cite book | last=Wright | first=W.E. | title=Serf, Seigneur, and Sovereign: Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-Century Bohemia | publisher=University of Minnesota Press | year=1966 | isbn=978-0-8166-5893-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOThUfKMWYUC&pg=RA1-PA211 | access-date=2023-10-10 | page=136}} cadastral [or cadastre] municipality,{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X9MiAQAAIAAJ | title = Geografski zbornik: Acta geographica | volume = 37-39 | author = Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts Geography Institute | publisher = Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts | year = 1997 | page = 18 | quote = In Slovenia, there are just under 2700 cadastral municipalities, enough for the essential characteristics of land use in Slovenia to be reflected in the ratios between land categories. | access-date = 2012-06-07}}{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B-9ohESt-wYC&pg=PA38 | title = Professional Property Briefing: Croatia | editor = Adam Jolly | publisher = GMB Publishing Ltd. | year = 2006 | isbn = 1846730015 | page = 38 | access-date = 2012-06-07}}{{cite book | last1=Bardhan | first1=A. | last2=Edelstein | first2=R.H. | last3=Kroll | first3=C.A. | title=Global Housing Markets: Crises, Policies, and Institutions | publisher=Wiley | series=Robert W. Kolb Series | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-470-64714-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IdJiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258 | access-date=2023-10-10 | page=258}} cadastral [or cadastre] commune,Problémy s překladem termínu „katastrální území“ do angličtiny. in: Geodetický a kartografický Obzor. Český úřad zeměměřický a katastrální, Úrad geodézie, kartografie a katastra Slovenskej republiky. 3, March 2015. p. 66, 67{{cite book | last1=Jordan | first1=P. | last2=Mácha | first2=P. | last3=Balode | first3=M. | last4=Krtička | first4=L. | last5=Obrusník | first5=U. | last6=Pilch | first6=P. | last7=Reinoso | first7=A.S. | title=Place-Name Politics in Multilingual Areas: A Comparative Study of Southern Carinthia (Austria) and the Těšín/Cieszyn Region (Czechia) | publisher=Springer International Publishing | series=Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities | year=2021 | isbn=978-3-030-69488-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxI7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA591 | language=la | access-date=2023-10-10 | page=591}} cadastral [or cadastre] unit, cadastral [or cadastre] district,[https://kataster.skgeodesy.sk/eskn-portal/ ESKN Portal - English version, accessed Oct. 10, 2023]Jarmila Lazíková, Anna Bandlerová, Ivan Takáč, Ľubica Rumanovská, Oľga Roháčiková, Zuzana Lazíková. Agricultural land protection - the case of Slovakia. Economy & Business. ISSN 1314-7242, Volume 13, 2019. Journal of International Scientific Publications [https://www.scientific-publications.net/en/article/1001938/1000037-1570291840398964.pdf] cadastral [or cadastre] area, cadastral [or cadastre] territory) is a cadastral subdivision of municipalities in the nations of Austria,Cadastral Template for Austria, web-page: [http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/at.htm CT-AT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103013218/http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/at.htm |date=2009-01-03 }} Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,{{cite journal | url = http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=56663&lang=en | language = hr | journal = Geodetski List | volume = 63 (86) | number = 1 |date=March 2009 | title = Creating Digital Cadastre Maps and their Comparison with the Written Part of the Land Operator | first = Krunoslav | last = Boc | location = Zagreb, Croatia | pages = 39–53 | publisher = Croatian Geodetic Society | issn = 0016-710X | access-date = 2012-06-07 | quote = ukupno 3364 [katastarskih općina], koliko ih ima u Republici Hrvatskoj}} the Czech Republic,Cadastral Template for Czech Republic), web-page: [http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/cz.htm CT-CZ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508103024/http://www.cadastraltemplate.org/countrydata/cz.htm |date=2009-05-08 }} Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Netherlands, and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, Gorizia and Trieste. A cadastral community records property ownership in a cadastre, which is a register describing property ownership by boundary lines of the real estate.

The common etymology in the Central European successor states of the Habsburg monarchy comes from {{langx|de|Katastralgemeinde}} (KG; literally "cadastral municipality" or "cadastral community"), plural: Katastralgemeinden, translated as {{langx|it|comune censuario}} or comune catastale, {{langx|sl|katastralna občina}}, {{langx|hr|katastarska općina}}. In Czech and Slovak, the historical name ({{langx|cs|katastrální obec}}, {{langx|sk|katastrálna obec}}, literally "cadastral municipality/community") was changed to {{langx|cs|katastrální území}} and {{langx|sk|katastrálne územie}} (literally "cadastral area" or "cadastral territory") in 1928 and today, on official websites, it is usually translated to English by the (misleading) terms "cadastral unit" in the Czech Republic and "cadastral district" in Slovakia. In what is today Hungary, the concept and term ({{langx|hu|kataszteri község}}) existed only in the past.

History

File:Brno, Růžový, stabilní katastr (s popisky).jpg-Chrlice]]

In 1764, at the behest of Empress Maria Theresa, a complete survey of the Habsburg lands was begun,{{cite web |url=http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/urbariummariatheresa.html |title=Maria Theresa's Urbarium |last=Votruba |first=Martin |work=Slovak Studies Program |publisher=University of Pittsburgh |access-date=2015-05-05 |archive-date=2015-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223011914/http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/urbariummariatheresa.html |url-status=dead }} initiated by the general staff of the Imperial and Royal Army under Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun, who had become aware of the lack of reliable maps in the Seven Years' War. Maria Theresa's son Emperor Joseph II ordered the implication of a complete urbarium for property tax purposes in 1785. The present-day cadastre was completed after the Napoleonic Wars from 1817 onwards under Emperor Francis I of Austria (Franziszeischer Kataster). Since then, the Austrian (i.e. Cisleithanian) crown lands were subdivided in Katastralgemeinden; surveying in the Hungarian (Transleithanian) lands started in 1850. Municipalities as administrative subdivisions with certain rights of self-governance were not established until after the 1848 revolutions.

Most of the nowadays Katastralgemeinden once had been independent communes and were incorporated on the occasion of a municipal territory reforms. They can be further divided into smaller villages and localities (Ortschaften). There were 7,847 Katastralgemeinden in Austria in 2014. For land registration, the unit identifier used in a Katastralgemeinde is "KG-Nr" (KG-Nummer, or number).

The Dutch system of kadastrale gemeenten was set up around 1830. When municipalities are merged, often the cadastral communes remain as they were, so one civil municipality can consist of more than one cadastral commune; but again, a cadastral commune can never be part of more than one civil municipality.

See also

References

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