Caesium auride
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| Name =
| ImageFile = CsCl polyhedra.png
| ImageFile1 = Caesium-auride-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFile2 = Caesium auride.png
| ImageCaption2 = Solution of CsAu(left), pure CsAu(right)
| verifiedrevid = 459436295
| OtherNames =
| IUPACName = Caesium auride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 12256-37-0
| ChemSpiderID = 65322210
| PubChem = 71308168
| SMILES = [Cs][Au]
| SMILES_Comment = covalent form
| SMILES1 = [Cs+].[Au-]
| SMILES1_Comment = ionic form
| StdInChI = 1S/Au.Cs
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = COOMJVRPVOQALF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Cs=1|Au=1
| Appearance = Yellow crystals
| MeltingPtC = 580
| Solubility = reacts violently
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = CsCl
| SpaceGroup =
| PointGroup =
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Caesium auride is the inorganic compound with the formula CsAu. It is the Cs+ salt of the unusual Au− anion.{{cite journal |first1= William J. |last1= Peer |first2= J. J. |last2= Lagowski |author-link2= J J Lagowski |year= 1978 |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc. |volume= 100 |pages= 6260–6261 |title= Metal-Ammonia Solutions. 11. Au−, a Solvated Transition Metal Anion |doi= 10.1021/ja00487a064 }}
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Preparation and reactions
CsAu is obtained by heating a stoichiometric mixture of caesium and gold. The two metallic-yellow liquids react to give a transparent yellow product. Despite being a compound of two metals, CsAu lacks metallic properties since it is a salt with localized charges; it instead behaves as a semiconductor with band gap 2.6 eV.{{cite journal |last1=Norrby |first1=Lars J. |title=Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks? |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=February 1991 |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=110 |doi=10.1021/ED068P110|bibcode=1991JChEd..68..110N }}
The compound hydrolyzes readily, yielding caesium hydroxide, metallic gold, and hydrogen.
:2 CsAu + 2 H2O → 2 CsOH + 2 Au + H2
The solution in liquid ammonia is brown, and the ammonia adduct {{chem2|CsAu*NH3}} is blue; the latter has ammonia molecules intercalated between layers of the CsAu crystal parallel to the (110) plane. Solutions undergo metathesis with tetramethylammonium loaded ion exchange resin to give tetramethylammonium auride.{{cite journal|title=Effects of relativistic motion of electrons on the chemistry of gold and platinum|journal=Solid State Sciences|date=2005-11-30|volume=7|issue=12|pages=1464–1474|doi=10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2005.06.015|last=Jansen|first=Martin|bibcode=2005SSSci...7.1464J|doi-access=free}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal |journal= Chemical Society Reviews |volume= 37 |issue= 9 |year= 2008 |title= The chemistry of gold as an anion |first= Martin |last= Jansen | pages= 1826–1835 |doi= 10.1039/B708844M |pmid= 18762832 }}—includes photograph of the compound.
{{Gold compounds}}
{{Caesium compounds}}