Calabrian black squirrel
{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Calabrian black squirrel
| status =
| image = Sciurus meridionalis.jpg
| genus = Sciurus
| species = meridionalis
| authority = Lucifero, 1907
| synonyms = *Sciurus vulgaris meridionalis {{small|(Lucifero, 1907)}}
- Sciurus vulgaris silanus {{small|Heinrich, 1934}}
|range_map = Sciurus meridionalis range Map.jpeg
|range_map_caption = Approximate distribution in red
}}
The Calabrian black squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis) is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus, endemic to the forests of the regions of Calabria and Basilicata, in the south of the Italian Peninsula.
Taxonomy
It has long been considered a subspecies of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), but studies published in 2009–2017 revealed that it is unique in both genetics and appearance, leading to its recognition as a distinct species.{{cite journal | author1=Grill, A. | author2=Amori, G. | author3=Aloise, G. | author4=Lisi, I. | author5=Tosi, G. | author6=Wauters, L.A. | author7=Randi, E. | year=2009 | title=Molecular phylogeography of European Sciurus vulgaris: refuge within refugia | journal=Mol. Ecol. | volume=18 | number=12 | pages=2687–2699 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04215.x | pmid=19457179 | bibcode=2009MolEc..18.2687G | s2cid=205361850 }}{{cite journal | author1=Wauters, Lucas A. | author2=Giovanni Amori | author3=Gaetano Aloise | author4=Spartaco Gippoliti | author5=Paolo Agnelli | author6=Andrea Galimberti | author7=Maurizio Casiraghi | author8=Damiano Preatoni | author9=Adriano Martinoli | year=2017 | title=New endemic mammal species for Europe: Sciurus meridionalis (Rodentia, Sciuridae) | url=http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/New-endemic-mammal-species-for-Europe-Sciurus-meridionalis-Rodentia-Sciuridae-,77104,0,2.html | journal=Hystrix | volume=28 | number=1 | pages=1–28 | doi=10.4404/hystrix-28.1-12015}}
Description
The Calabrian black squirrel is an arboreal animal that generally resembles the red squirrel in its behavior. Unlike the highly variable red squirrel, the Calabrian black squirrel is monomorphic (not variable in appearance), being very dark brown to blackish with contrasting white underparts. Compared to red squirrels of northern Italy, the Calabrian black squirrel is also significantly larger, weighing {{convert|280-530|g|oz|abbr=on|round=0.5}} or on average about 35% more.
Habitat
The Calabrian black squirrel lives in mixed forests in highlands, and its nests are often placed in pine or oak trees. It mostly occurs near black pine, as the seeds are an important food source.{{cite journal | author1=Cagnin, Mara | author2=Gaetano Aloise | author3=Fabiola Fiore | author4=Vincenzo Oriolo | author5=Luc A. Wauters | author6=Wauters, L.A. | author7=Randi, E. | year=2000 | title=Habitat use and population density of the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris meridionalis, in the Sila Grande mountain range (Calabria, South Italy) | journal=Italian Journal of Zoology | volume=67 | number=1 | pages=81–87 | doi=10.1080/11250000009356299| s2cid=85063745 | doi-access=free }} The northern limit of its range has been northern Pollino, but it is slowly spreading north to the Lucan Apennines (Basilicata region). Its northernmost range limit and the southernmost Italian red squirrel are separated by a gap of more than {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on|-1}}. The Calabrian black squirrel has a stable population, but its small range means that it likely qualifies for near threatened or perhaps vulnerable. The most serious threat is possibly the Finlayson's squirrel, which has been introduced near its range.
References
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Category:Mammals described in 1907
Category:Endemic fauna of Italy
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