Caladenia alpina
{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Mountain caladenia
| image = Caladenia alpina.jpg
| image_caption = C. alpina in Mount Buffalo National Park
| genus = Caladenia
| species = alpina
| authority = R.S.Rogers
| synonyms_ref = {{cite web|title=Caladenia alpina|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/512258|publisher=APNI|accessdate=25 September 2016}}
| synonyms=
}}
Caladenia alpina, commonly known as the mountain caladenia, is a species of plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is native to subalpine areas of south-eastern Australia and to New Zealand. It has a single fleshy leaf and a thin wiry flowering spike bearing two white flowers with red bars on the labellum. In New Zealand this orchid is sometimes known as Caladenia lyallii.
Description
Caladenia alpina is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, sparsely hairy, lance-shaped leaf, {{convert|9-28|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The leaf is thick and fleshy and green to dark reddish-green.{{cite web|title=Caladenia alpina|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Caladenia~alpina|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney: plantNET|accessdate=27 September 2016}}{{cite web|title=Caladenia alpina|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/11f43dc7-4515-44e6-8fa9-4536f5f6ede0|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: Vicflora|accessdate=27 September 2016}}{{cite web|title=Caladenia lyallii|url=http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1307|publisher=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|accessdate=26 September 2016}}
One to three flowers, usually two, are borne on a spike up to {{convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} high and are about {{convert|40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in diameter. The dorsal sepal is a broad egg shape {{convert|4-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide and curves forward to form a hood over the column. The petals and lateral sepals are broad, {{convert|12-20|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and are white and glabrous on the front and pinkish red to maroon with glandular hairs on the back. The labellum is about {{convert|9|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long when flattened, white with dark red to purple spots and lines with a wavy margin, a few short teeth and a pointed tip. There are four well-spaced rows of calli on the surface of the labellum. The calli are club-shaped, yellow or whitish becoming darker and shorter towards the tip of the labellum. The column is about {{convert|7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long with broad wings and has red spots or streaks.File:Caladenia alpina (labelled).jpg
Taxonomy and naming
Caladenia alpina was first formally described by Richard Sanders Rogers in 1927 and the description was published in Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia.{{cite journal|last1=Rogers|first1=Richard Sanders|title=Contributions to the Orchidology of Australia|journal=Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia|date=1927|volume=51|page=12|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/129843#page/16/mode/1up|accessdate=27 September 2016}} Rogers described the species from specimens collected on Mount Bogong and Mount Hotham in Victoria and from Mount Kosciuszko in New South Wales. The specific epithet (alpina) is a Latin word meaning "of high mountains".{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page = 82}}
In New Zealand the species is known as Caladenia lyallii although "some orchidologists" suggest that both C. lyallii and C. alpina occur in that country. The epithet (lyallii) honours the Scottish botanist David Lyall, who was a friend of Joseph Hooker. Caladenia alpina is regarded as a synonym of Caladenia lyallii by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.{{WCSP | 28440 | Caladenia alpina }} Caladenia lyallii was first formally described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in Flora Novae-Zelandiae.{{cite web|title=Caladenia lyallii|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/514199|publisher=APNI|accessdate=27 June 2018}}{{cite book|last1=Hooker|first1=Joseph Dalton|title=The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror. II. Flora Novae-Zelandiae|date=1853|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|location=London|page=247|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54141#page/298/mode/1up|accessdate=27 June 2018}}
Distribution and habitat
Alpine caladenia usually grows in subalpine zones above {{convert|1000|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in forest, snow gum woodland and herbfields or near ponds and bogs. In New South Wales it occurs on the Southern Tablelands south of the Brindabella Range and in Victoria on the Great Dividing Range and Grampians. In New Zealand, Caladenia lyallii occurs on both the North and South Islands as well as on Stewart Island.
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q15490463|from2=Q3283221}}
Category:Plants described in 1927
Category:Orchids of New Zealand
Category:Orchids of New South Wales