Calanthe triplicata

{{Speciesbox

| name = Common Christmas orchid

| image = Calanthe-triplicata.jpg

| genus = Calanthe

| species = triplicata

| authority = (Willemet) Ames{{WCSP | 30455 | Calanthe triplicata }}

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms =

{{collapsible list|bullets = true

|title=List of synonyms

|Orchis triplicata Willemet (1796)

|Alismorkis angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) Kuntze (1891)

|Alismorkis diploxiphion (Hook.f.) Kuntze (1891)

|Alismorkis furcata (Bateman ex Lindl.) Kuntze (1891)

|Alismorkis gracillima (Lindl.) Kuntze (1891)

|Alismorkis veratrifolia (Willd.) Kuntze (1891)

|Amblyglottis veratrifolia (Willd.) Blume (1825)

|Bletia quadrifida Hook.f. (1890)

|Calanthe angraeciflora Rchb.f. (1876)

|Calanthe australasica D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (2006)

|Calanthe bracteosa Rchb.f. (1882)

|Calanthe brevicolumna Hayata (1911)

|Calanthe catilligera Rchb.f. (1857)

|Calanthe celebica Rolfe (1899)

|Calanthe comosa Rchb.f. (1846)

|Calanthe diploxiphion Hook.f. (1890)

|Calanthe furcata Bateman ex Lindl. (1838)

|Calanthe furcata f. albolineata K. Nakaj. (1969)

|Calanthe furcata f. albomarginata K. Nakaj. (1969)

|Calanthe furcata f. brevicolumna (Hayata) M. Hiroe (1971)

|Calanthe gracillima Lindl. (1855)

|Calanthe matsumurana Schltr. (1906)

|Calanthe millotae Ursch & Genoud ex Bosser (1966)

|Calanthe nephroglossa Schltr. (1911)

|Calanthe orthocentron Schltr. (1912)

|Calanthe perrottetii A. Rich. (1841)

|Calanthe proboscidea Rchb.f. (1884)

|Calanthe pubescens Ridl. (1923)

|Calanthe rubicallosa Masam. (1975)

|Calanthe triplicata f. albolineata (K. Nakaj.) Hatus. (1971)

|Calanthe triplicata f. albomarginata (K. Nakaj.) K. Nakaj. (1973)

|Calanthe triplicata var. angraeciflora (Rchb.f.) N. Hallé (1977)

|Calanthe triplicata var. gracillima (Lindl.) N. Hallé (1998)

|Calanthe triplicata var. minahassae Schltr. (1925)

|Calanthe veratrifolia (Willd.) R.Br. ex Ker Gawl. (1823)

|Calanthe veratrifolia var. australis Linden (1851)

|Calanthe veratrifolia var. dupliciloba J.J. Sm. (1922)

|Calanthe veratrifolia var. kennyi F.M. Bailey (1912)

|Calanthe veratrifolia var. lancipetala J.J. Sm. (1930)

|Calanthe veratrifolia var. stenochila Rchb.f. (1897)

|Limodorum ventricosum Steud. (1821)

|Limodorum veratrifolium Willd. (1805)

}}

Calanthe triplicata commonly known as the common Christmas orchid{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages =353–354}} is a plant in the orchid family and is native to Oceania, Asia, Pacific islands, and the islands of eastern Africa. It is a terrestrial orchid that grows in clumps with crowded pseudobulbs, dark green corrugated leaves and up to forty white flowers. The sepals and petals are similar to each other and the labellum has three spreading lobes and a yellow callus.

Description

Calanthe triplicata is a terrestrial, evergreen herb that grows in clumps and has crowded, fleshy, oval pseudobulbs {{convert|40-80|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|20-40|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. Each pseudobulb has between four and nine dark green, lance-shaped, corrugated leaves {{convert|250-900|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|60-180|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide tapering towards the base. The leaf veins are more or less parallel with between six and nine more prominent than the rest. Between eighteen and forty white flowers {{convert|25-35|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide are crowded near the top of an upright flowering stem {{convert|50-1500|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long. The sepals are egg-shaped, {{convert|6-19|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The petals are a similar shape, {{convert|5-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2-6|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The labellum has three widely spreading lobes {{convert|4-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2-6|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide with the middle lobe further divided into two. The spur behind the labellum is {{convert|10-30|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and curved. Flowering occurs from October to February in Australia and in April and May in China.{{cite web |last1=Weston|first1=Peter|title=Calanthe triplicata |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Calanthe~triplicata |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney |access-date=9 September 2018}}{{cite web |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |access-date=3 June 2021 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Calanthe_triplicata.htm |title=Calanthe triplicata |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}{{cite web |last1=Ji Lan|first1=San Zhe Xia |title=Calanthe triplicata |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028569 |pages=301–302|publisher=Flora of China |access-date=9 September 2018}}

Taxonomy and naming

The common Christmas orchid was first formally described in 1796 by (Pierre) Remi Willemet, who gave it the name Orchis triplicata and published the description in Paul Usteri's book Annalen der Botanick.{{WCSP | 143345 | Orchis triplicata }}{{cite journal |last1=Usteri |first1=Paul |title=Annalen der Botanick |journal=Neue Annalen der Botanick1794-1800 |date=1796 |location=Leipzig |page=52 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044106427297;view=1up;seq=392 |access-date=9 September 2018}} In 1907, Oakes Ames changed the name to Calanthe triplicata. The specific epithet (triplicata) is derived from the Latin prefix tris meaning "thrice"{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}{{rp|798}} and plicatus meaning "folded".{{rp|619}}