Calcarine sulcus
{{Short description|Anatomical landmark in the brain of humans and other primates}}
{{Infobox brain
| Name = Calcarine sulcus
| Latin = sulcus calcarinus, fissura calcarina
| Image = Gray727 calcarine sulcus.svg
| Caption = Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. ("Calcarine fissure" visible at left.)
| Image2 = Gray738.png
| Caption2 = Coronal section through posterior cornua of lateral ventricle. (Label for "Calcarine fissure" visible at bottom.)
| IsPartOf = Occipital lobe
| Components =
| Artery = Calcarine branch of medial occipital artery
| Vein =
}}
The calcarine sulcus (or calcarine fissure) is an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain of humans and other primates. Its name comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur". It is very deep, and known as a complete sulcus.
Structure
The calcarine sulcus begins near the occipital pole in two converging rami.{{Cite book|last=Johns|first=Paul|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780443103216000035|title=Clinical Neuroscience|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|year=2014|isbn=978-0-443-10321-6|pages=27–47|language=en|chapter=3 - Functional neuroanatomy|doi=10.1016/B978-0-443-10321-6.00003-5}} It runs forward to a point a little below the splenium of the corpus callosum. Here, it is joined at an acute angle by the medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus. The anterior part of this sulcus gives rise to the prominence of the calcar avis in the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle. The cuneus is above the calcarine sulcus, while the lingual gyrus is below it.{{Cite book|last1=Swenson|first1=R. S.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012802381500021X|title=Conn's Translational Neuroscience|last2=Gulledge|first2=A. T.|publisher=Academic Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-12-802381-5|pages=263–288|language=en|chapter=12 - The Cerebral Cortex|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-802381-5.00021-X|s2cid=151575657 }}{{Cite book|last1=Wen|first1=Hung Tzu|title=Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery|last2=Rhoton|first2=Albert L.|last3=Mussi|first3=Antonio C. M.|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=9780323341493|edition=7th|pages=49–75|language=en|chapter=2 - Surgical Anatomy of the Brain}}
= Development =
In humans, the calcarine sulcus usually becomes visible between 20 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323392563500236|title=Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics - Diagnostic Imaging|publisher=Elsevier|year=2016|isbn=978-0-323-39256-3|edition=3rd|pages=68–83|language=en|chapter=Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-39256-3.50023-6}}
Function
The calcarine sulcus is associated with the visual cortex.{{Cite book|last1=Osborne|first1=Benjamin J.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416036180100086|title=Textbook of Clinical Neurology|last2=Liu|first2=Grant T.|last3=Newman|first3=Nancy J.|publisher=Saunders|year=2007|isbn=978-1-4160-3618-0|edition=3rd|pages=113–132|language=en|chapter=8 - Cranial Nerve II and Afferent Visual Pathways|doi=10.1016/B978-141603618-0.10008-6}} It is where the primary visual cortex (V1) is concentrated.{{Cite book|last1=Cechetto|first1=David F.|chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B012227210200087X|title=Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology - Encyclopedia of the Human Brain|last2=Topolovec|first2=Jane C.|publisher=Academic Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-12-227210-3|pages=663–679|language=en|chapter=Cerebral Cortex|doi=10.1016/B0-12-227210-2/00087-X}} The central visual field is located in the posterior portion of the calcarine sulcus, and the peripheral visual field is located in the anterior portion.
History
The name of the calcarine sulcus comes from the Latin "calcar" meaning "spur".{{cite web|title=Anatomy Glossary|url=http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/glossary/glossary.cgi?page=c|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902033440/http://www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au/glossary/glossary.cgi?page=c|archive-date=2015-09-02|access-date=2011-04-09|website=www.anatomy.usyd.edu.au}}
Additional images
File:Calcarine sulcus animation small.gif|Position of the calcarine sulcus (shown in red).
File:Calcarine sulcus medial.jpg|Calcarine fissure (shown in red).
File:Brodmann Cytoarchitectonics 17.png|Calcarine sulcus highlighted in Brodmann Area 17, lateral and medial views.
File:Medial surface of cerebral cortex - gyri.png|Medial surface of cerebral cortex - gyri
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Calcarine sulcus}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html|title=Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3|work=Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator|publisher=Elsevier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722052451/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html|archive-date=2012-07-22|url-status=dead}}
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090310124713/http://www2.umdnj.edu/~neuro/studyaid/Practical2000/Q31.htm
- {{UMichAtlas|eye_38}} - "The Visual Pathway from Below"
- [https://www.neuinfo.org/mynif/search.php?q=Calcarine%20Fissure&t=data&s=cover&b=0&r=20 NIF Search - Calcarine Fissure] via the Neuroscience Information Framework
{{Telencephalon}}
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