Caliban upon Setebos
{{short description|1864 poem by Robert Browning}}
Caliban upon Setebos is a poem written by the British poet Robert Browning and published in his 1864 Dramatis Personae collection.Tracy 1938, p. 487 It deals with Caliban, a character from Shakespeare's The Tempest, and his reflections on Setebos, the brutal god believed in by himself and his late mother Sycorax. Some scholars see Browning as being of the belief that God is in the eye of the beholder, and this is emphasized by a barbaric character believing in a barbaric god.Tebbetts 1984, p. 366 An offshoot of this interpretation is the argument that Browning is applying evolutionary theory to religious development.Tebbetts 1984, p. 367 Others feel that he was satirizing theologians of his time, who attempted to understand God as a reflection of themselves; this theory is supported by the epigraph, Psalm 50:21, "Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thyself." This could be taken as God mocking Caliban (and Browning's contemporaries) for their methods of attempting to understand Him.{{efn|See note at the bottom of {{Cite web|url=http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/caliban-upon-setebos|title=Caliban upon Setebos {{!}} Representative Poetry Online|website=rpo.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=2016-07-21}}}}
Excerpt
The poem begins (text in [brackets]) with a brief narration, but quickly moves to Caliban's monologue, in which he contemplates his god:
{{quote|
['Will sprawl, now that the heat of day is best,
Flat on his belly in the pit's much mire,
With elbows wide, fists clenched to prop his chin.
...
And talks to his own self, howe'er he please,
Touching that other, whom his dam called God.]
...
Setebos, Setebos, and Setebos!
'Thinketh, He dwelleth i' the cold o' the moon.
'Thinketh He made it, with the sun to match,
But not the stars; the stars came otherwise;
Only made clouds, winds, meteors, such as that:
Also this isle, what lives and grows thereon,
And snaky sea which rounds and ends the same.{{sfn|Browning|1897|pp=[https://archive.org/details/poeticalworksofr00browuoft/page/n611 593–594]}}
|source=Lines 1-3, 15-16, 24-30}}
Notes
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Citations
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References
- {{cite book |last=Browning |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Browning |title=The Poetical Works |date=1897 |volume=1 |publisher=Smith Elder and Co. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/poeticalworksofr00browuoft}}
- {{cite journal | last=Tracy | first=C. R. | date=1938 | jstor=4172415 | title=Caliban Upon Setebos | work=Studies in Philology | volume=35 | number=3 | pages=487–499}}
- {{cite journal | last=Tebbetts | first=T. L. | date=1984 | jstor=40003012 | title=The Question of Satire in 'Caliban Upon Setebos' | work=Victorian Poetry | volume=22 | number=4 | pages=365–381}}
External links
{{wikisource|Dramatis Personæ/Caliban Upon Setebos; or, Natural Theology in the Island|Caliban Upon Setebos}}
- [http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/browning/section12.rhtml Sparknote's study guide of the poem]
- [http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/caliban-upon-setebos The text of the poem at Representative Poetry Online]
{{Robert Browning}}
{{The Tempest}}
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