Callitriche hamulata
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Callitriche hamulata.JPG
| genus = Callitriche
| species = hamulata
| authority = Kütz. ex W.D.J. Koch
| synonyms_ref = {{cite web |title=Callitriche hamulata Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch is an accepted name |date=23 March 2012 |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-31590 |publisher=theplantlist.org (The Plant List) |accessdate=21 April 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331144731/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-31590 |url-status=dead }}
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonyms
|Callitriche aquatica subsp. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch) Bonnier & Layens
|Callitriche autumnalis var. brutia Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. calophylla Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. goldbachii Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis f. halleri Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. heterophylla Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. lacustris Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. minuta Kütz.
|Callitriche autumnalis var. platyphylla Kütz.
|Callitriche brutia subsp. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch) O.Bolòs & Vigo
|Callitriche brutia var. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch) Lansdown
|Callitriche connata Raf.
|Callitriche decussata Schur [Illegitimate]
|Callitriche genuina Ducommun
|Callitriche hamulata var. autumnalis Nyman
|Callitriche hamulata var. homoiophylla Godr.
|Callitriche intermedia Hoffm.
|Callitriche intermedia subsp. hamulata (Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch) Clapham
|Callitriche longifolia (Hill) Druce
|Callitriche pallens M.Bieb.
|Callitriche reflexa Lange ex Cutanda
|Callitriche tenuifolia Fr.
|Stellina hamulata Bubani}}
}}
Callitriche hamulata is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae.{{cite web |title=Callitriche hamulata Kütz. ex W.D.J.Koch {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:430002-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=1 February 2021 |language=en}}
Description
It is a submerged plant with slender, branching stems about {{convert|20|-|70|cm|0|abbr=on}} long. The light green, narrow leaves are up to {{convert|6|cm|0|abbr=on}} long and 1-2mm wide, slightly broadening at the tip. The leaves which can float on top of the water, are shorter and wider, they are also light brownish or pinkish green.W. Vivian De Thabrew {{google books|cSaSAgAAQBAJ|A Manual of Water Plants|page=43}}
It has tiny inconspicuous green flowers and fruits,{{cite web |title=Intermediate Water-starwort |url=http://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/intermediate-water-starwort |accessdate=27 December 2016}} and has a flowering period of between May and October.{{cite web |title=Callitriche hamulata Kütz. ex W.D.J. Koch |url=http://dryades.units.it/stagnisardi_en/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&id=4404&num=3170 |accessdate=27 December 2016}} or between April and September in the UK.
Taxonomy
It was then described by Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch before being widely published by Friedrich Traugott Kützing in 'Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae' Collection 246 in 1837.{{cite web |title=Callitriche hamulata {{!}} International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/430002-1 |website=www.ipni.org |access-date=11 April 2021}}
The Latin specific epithet hamulata is derived from hamatus meaning "with hooks" or "hooked",{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=420}} referring to the hooked end of the leaves.
Distribution
File:Callitriche.hamulata2.-.lindsey.jpg, Belgium]]
Callitriche hamulata is native to a wide area, which stretches from Greenland,Jon Feilberg {{google books|IxzBrY-sehQC|A Phytogeographical Study of South Greenland Vascular Plants (Bioscience 15, 1984)|page=13}} and Iceland, through Europe to North-western Africa.
It is widespread and fairly frequent in Britain, particularly in south eastern England.
Habitat
It is found in rapidly flowing streams,S. M. Haslam and P. A. Wolseley {{google books|50I5AAAAIAAJ|River Vegetation, Its identification, assessment and management|page=46}} which are well oxygenated, and freshwaters, from sea level to about {{convert|1200|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level.
This plant can grow in shallow waters and can also adapt to a deeper water level, especially after flooding.
It can also be found in or near ponds, ditches, in still or slow moving water.