Callitris endlicheri

{{Speciesbox

| image = Black Cypress Pine (8677894818).jpg

| image_caption = In Oxley Wild Rivers National Park

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Thomas, P. |date=2013 |title=Callitris endlicheri |volume=2013 |page=e.T42202A2960662 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42202A2960662.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}

| genus = Callitris

| species = endlicheri

| authority = (Parl.) F.M.Bailey

| synonyms = *Frenela calcarata A.Cunn. ex Mirb.

Juniperus ericoides Nois. ex Desf.
Juniperus rigida Nois. ex Desf.
Callitris pyramidalis Sweet
Frenela rigida Endl.
Frenela endlicheri Parl.
Frenela gunnii var. mucronata Parl.
Callitris calcarata R.Br. ex F.Muell.
Frenela endlicheri var. mucronata (Parl.) Benth.

| synonyms_ref = {{cite web |title=Callitris endlicheri (Parl.) F.M.Bailey |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A294851-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921131440/https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:294851-1 |url-status=live }}

}}

Callitris endlicheri, commonly known as the black cypress pine, is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae that is native to eastern Australia.

Distribution and habitat

C. endlicheri is widespread in eastern Australia along the Great Dividing Range and can be found in Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria at elevations of {{cvt|350-1100|m}}. It commonly grows on rocky hills and ridges and can be found in dry sclerophyll woodlands and shrublands.{{Cite web |editor-last1=Earle |editor-first1=Christopher J. |title=Callitris endlicheri (black cypress pine) |url=https://www.conifers.org/cu/Callitris_endlicheri.php |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=The Gymnosperm Database |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203042559/https://www.conifers.org/cu/Callitris_endlicheri.php |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last1=Sheather |first1=Warren |last2=Sheather |first2=Gloria |editor-last1=Clarke |editor-first1=Dan |date=2017-05-24 |title=Callitris endlicheri |url=https://resources.austplants.com.au/plant/callitris-endlicheri/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Australian Plants Society NSW |language=en-AU |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203042553/https://resources.austplants.com.au/plant/callitris-endlicheri/ |url-status=live }}

Description

Callitris endlicheri is an evergreen tree growing {{cvt|5-15|m}} tall{{Cite book |last=Costermans |first=Leon |title=Native Trees and Shrubs of South-Eastern Australia |publisher=New Holland Publishers |year=1981 |isbn=9781877069703 |edition=Revised |pages=142 |language=en}} with tough, furrowed bark. The branches may be erect or spreading with keeled green leaves measuring {{cvt|2-4|mm|sigfig=1}} long.{{Cite web |title=Callitris endlicheri |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Callitris~endlicheri |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=New South Wales Flora Online |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329195105/https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Callitris~endlicheri |url-status=live }} This species is monoecious, with female cones occurring solitarily or in clusters on slender fruiting branchlets. The cones are smooth, almost spherical, measuring {{cvt|15-20|mm|sigfig=1}} in diameter and containing a number of sticky seeds coated in resin. Cones may persist on the tree for a number of years.

Uses

The Wiradjuri people of New South Wales, who refer to this species as kara, use the trunks of young trees to make spears, the wood and dry needles as kindling, and the resinous sap as a glue and medicine.{{cite book |title=Wiradjuri Plant Use in the Murrumbidgee Catchment |date=2008 |publisher=Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority |isbn=978-0-7347-5856-9 |editor1-last=Williams |editor1-first=Alice |page=24 |editor2-last=Sides |editor2-first=Tim}} It is sometimes logged for commercial purposes.