Calochilus caeruleus
{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Wiry beard orchid
| image = Calochilus caeruleus.jpg
| image_caption = Calochilus caeruleus in the Tablelands Region of far north Queensland
| genus = Calochilus
| species = caeruleus
| authority = L.O.Williams{{WCSP | 31751 | Calochilus caeruleus}}
| synonyms =
}}
Calochilus caeruleus, commonly known as the wiry beard orchid, is a species of orchid native to northern Australia and New Guinea. It has a single leaf which continues to develop during flowering and up to twelve greenish flowers with reddish brown markings and a labellum with a red "beard".
Description
Calochilus caeruleus is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single leaf which is only partly developed at flowering time but is {{convert|300-400|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6-8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide when fully mature. Between four and twelve short-lived greenish flowers with reddish brown markings, {{convert|18-22|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|12-15|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide are borne on a thin, wiry flowering stem {{convert|500-800|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} tall. The dorsal sepal is {{convert|6-7|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|5-6|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} wide. The lateral sepals are a similar length but narrower. The petals are {{convert|6-6.5|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|3-4|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The labellum is flat, {{convert|14-16|mm|in|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|7-12|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} wide. The base of the labellum has purple calli and two purple plates. The middle section has stiff red hairs up to {{convert|5|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} long and the tip is hairless. The column lacks the sham "eyes" of most other beard orchids. Flowering occurs from December to January but each flower only lasts one or two days.{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|page =264}}{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Louis O. |title=Orchidaceae Novae Guineae 1 |journal=Botanical Museum Leaflets |date=1946 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=151–152 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32876#page/171/mode/1up |accessdate=26 June 2018}}
Taxonomy and naming
Calochilus caeruleus was first formally described in 1946 by Louis Otho Williams and the description was published in Botanical Museum Leaflets from specimens collected near Tarara on the Wassi Kussa River in the west of Papua New Guinea.{{cite web|title=Calochilus caeruleus|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/525257|publisher=APNI|accessdate=26 June 2018}} The specific epithet (caeruleus) is a Latin word meaning "sky blue".{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page =177}}
Distribution and habitat
The wiry beard orchid grows in swamps, wet forests, heath and woodland in New Guinea, the Northern Territory including Melville Island and in Tropical North Queensland as far south as Cardwell.