Calu
{{Short description|Epithet of the Etruscan god Εuri}}
Calu ({{langx|ett|ππππ|Calu|dark, darkness}}){{sfn|Zavaroni|1996}}{{sfn|Mc Callister|Mc Callister|1999}} is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Εuri{{sfn|Bouke van der Meer|2013|pages=323β341}}{{sfn|Rissanen|2013}}{{sfn|Maras|2010}} as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades ({{langx|grc-x-ionic|label=Epic Greek|αΌΟδηΟ|ΓΓ―dΔs}}; {{langx|ett|ππππ|Aita}}); moreover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself.{{sfn|Romano Impero|2021}}
He is identified by his wolf attributes, such as a wolf-like appearance or a human with a wolf-skin cap.{{sfn|De Grummond|Simon|2006|p=57}}
The visual representations of the cult of Calu seem to contain common elements with the Roman cult of Lupercalia and the Faliscan cult of the Hirpi Sorani ("wolves of Soranus", from {{langx|sbv|hirpus||wolf}}).{{sfn|Rissanen|2013}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|editor1-last=De Grummond|editor1-first=Nancy Thomson|editor2-last=Simon|editor2-first=Erika|year=2006|title=The Religion of the Etruscans|isbn=9780292782334|location=Austin|publisher=University of Texas Press|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=hQtbJyFCd40C}}
- {{harvc|in=De Grummond|in2=Simon|year=2006
|last=Bonfante|first=Larissa|author-link=Larissa Bonfante |c=Etruscan Inscriptions and Etruscan Religion}}
- {{harvc|in=De Grummond|in2=Simon|year=2006
|last=Colonna|first=Giovanni|c=Sacred Architecture and the Religion of the Etruscans}}
- {{harvc|in=De Grummond|in2=Simon|year=2006
|last=Krauskopf|first=Ingrid|c=The Grave and Beyond|p=vii, pp. 73β75}}
- {{harvc|in=De Grummond|in2=Simon|year=2006
|last=Simon|first=Erika|c=Gods in Harmony: The Etruscan Pantheon}}
- {{cite magazine|last=Maras|first=Daniele F.|year=2010|lang=it|title=Suri. Il nero signore degli inferi|magazine=Archeo|number=305|url=http://www.archeo.it/rivista/2010/Luglio/suri-il-nero-signore-degli-inferi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210200639/http://www.archeo.it/rivista/2010/Luglio/suri-il-nero-signore-degli-inferi|archive-date=2014-12-10}}
- {{citation|editor1-last=Mc Callister
|editor1-first=Rick
|editor2-last=Mc Callister
|editor2-first=Silvia
|year=1999
|title=Etruscan Glossary
|chapter=CA-CE
|chapter-url=https://etruscans1.tripod.com/Language/EtruscanCA.html
|quote=Calu
}}
- {{cite journal|last=Rissanen|first=Mika|orig-date=2012|date=2013|title=The Hirpi Sorani and the Wolf Cults of Central Italy|journal=Arctos: Acta Philologica Fennica|volume=46|publisher=Klassillis-filologinen yhdistys|location=Helsinki|issn=0570-734X|url=https://www.academia.edu/2177407|via=Academia.edu}}
- {{cite book|last=Bouke van der Meer|first=Lammert|author-link=L. Bouke van der Meer|year=2013|contribution=Lead Plaque of Magliano|title=Interpretando l'antico. Scritti di archeologia offerti a Maria Bonghi Jovino|series=Quaderni di Acme (134)|location=Milan|pages=323β341 (335)|url = https://www.academia.edu/4006969|via=Academia.edu}}
- {{cite book|last=Zavaroni|first=Adolfo|date=1996|lang=it|title=I documenti etruschi|publisher=Sherpa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nx1SAQAAIAAJ|quote=Calu}}
External links
- {{cite web|date=July 2021|lang=it|title=Culto di Soranus|url=https://www.romanoimpero.com/2021/07/culto-di-soranus.html|website=Romano Impero|ref={{harvid|Romano Impero|2021}}}}
Category:Wolves in folklore, religion and mythology
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