Calumet City, Illinois

Calumet City (commonly referred to locally as "Cal City") was founded in 1893 when the villages of Schrumville and Sobieski Park merged under the name of West Hammond, since it lies on the west side of the Illinois-Indiana line from Hammond, Indiana.

In 1916, when alcohol was prohibited in Indiana, West Hammond became a preferred location for drinkers coming from northwest Indiana.{{cite book |last1=Keating |first1=Ann Durkin |title=Chicago Neighborhoods and Suburbs: A Historical Guide |date=2008 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-0226428833 |pages=120–121}} Bootleggers including Al Capone built on this basis once the Prohibition era arrived, and West Hammond gained the nickname of "Sin City".

West Hammond became known for illegal alcohol consumption, gambling, and prostitution. In 1923, residents wishing to rid the city of its reputation voted to change the name from West Hammond to Calumet City.

Frank LaPorte is believed to have been the member of the Chicago Outfit who was most responsible for developing and maintaining the "Sin Strip" area of Calumet City.{{cite book |last1=Lombardo |first1=Robert M. |title=Organized Crime in Chicago: Beyond the Mafia |date=2013 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0252094484 |pages=183–184}} Police avoided Sin Strip and risked violence if they tried to make an arrest.{{cite news |author= |date=1962-06-17 |title=Glitter Fades: Calumet City's Sin Strip Loses to Suburban Respectability |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/46584091/calumet_city_1962/ |work=The Cincinnati Enquirer |access-date=2023-09-06 |quote=Everything was on sale in 'Sin Strip' and policemen stayed away from the row. Any officer who tried to make an arrest was generally asking for a beating up.}}

In 1959, the state of Illinois conducted a police raid that resulted in 98 arrests and the seizure of business records.{{cite book |last1=Luzi |first1=Matthew J. |title=The Boys in Chicago Heights: The Forgotten Crew of the Chicago Outfit |date=2012 |publisher=The History Press |location=Charleston, SC |isbn=978-1609497330 |page=79}} An article published in Chicago Daily News on June 2, 1959, exposed LaPorte as being instrumental in the illegal activities in Calumet City.

In 1995, the city began demolishing bars and taverns in the "Sin Strip" area.{{cite news |author= |date=1995-07-18 |title=Redemption is Near for Calumet City's 'Sin Strip' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-07-18-9507180124-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |location=Chicago, IL |access-date=2023-09-02}}{{cite news |last1=Penn |first1=Mary Sue |date=1995-09-12 |title=City Levels Tavern in 'Sin Strip' Area |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-09-12-9509120122-story.html |work=Chicago Tribune |location=Chicago, IL |access-date=2023-09-02}}

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Calumet City has a total area of {{convert|7.32|sqmi|km2|2}}, of which {{convert|7.20|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 98.31%) is land and {{convert|0.12|sqmi|km2|2}} (or 1.69%) is water.{{Cite web |title=Gazetteer Files |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Census.gov}}

In addition to being bordered to the east by Hammond, it is also bordered by Burnham and Chicago to the north, Lansing to the south, and South Holland and Dolton to the west.

{{US Census population

|1900= 2935

|1910= 4948

|1920= 7492

|1930= 12298

|1940= 13241

|1950= 15799

|1960= 25000

|1970= 32956

|1980= 39697

|1990= 37840

|2000= 39071

|2010= 37042

|2020= 36033

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=}}
2010 2020

}}

As of the 2020 census{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1710487 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=data.census.gov}} there were 36,033 people, 14,166 households, and 8,607 families residing in the city. The population density was {{Convert|4,921.20|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}. There were 16,196 housing units at an average density of {{Convert|2,211.96|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 72.64% African American, 9.74% White, 0.65% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 10.44% from other races, and 6.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.97% of the population.

There were 14,166 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.65% were married couples living together, 26.42% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.24% were non-families. 36.79% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.38 and the average family size was 2.56.

The city's age distribution consisted of 23.5% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 26% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,640, and the median income for a family was $55,612. Males had a median income of $34,474 versus $32,079 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,688. About 15.9% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.6% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

A landmark and point of pride among Cal City residents is the pair of large water towers painted like the popular "Have a Nice Day" smiley faces which are located on Ring Road near River Oaks Mall, the other State Street near Interstate 94.{{Cite web | url=http://www.calumetcity.org/water/h2owelcome.html | title=The Smiley Towers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927031818/http://www.calumetcity.org/water/h2otowerhistory.html | archive-date=2011-09-27 }}

Calumet City has a Mayor-Council type government.

The city has 7 Wards.

Calumet City is in Illinois's 2nd congressional district.

The mayor of Calumet City is currently Thaddeus Jones. He has served as Mayor since being elected to the office in 2021.{{Cite web|title=Office of the Mayor|url=https://calumetcity.org/office-of-the-mayor/|access-date=2020-12-20|website=The City of Calumet City}}

|}

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Calumet City is served by several elementary school districts:{{cite web |url=http://www.calumetcity.org/links.html |title=Calumet City :: Illinois |access-date=2006-11-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014180638/http://www.calumetcity.org/links.html |archive-date=2006-10-14 }}

• Calumet City School District 155{{cite web|url=http://www.calumetcity155.org/|title=Welcome to Calumet City School District 155 in Calumet City, IL|website=www.calumetcity155.org|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Woodrow Wilson Memorial School
• Wentworth Intermediate School
• Wentworth Jr. High School
• Dolton School District 149{{cite web|url=http://www.schooldistrict149.org/|title=School District 149|website=www.schooldistrict149.org|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Berger Vandenberg School
• Carol Moseley Braun School
• Caroline Sibley School
• Dirksen Middle School
• Lincoln Elementary School District 156{{cite web|url=http://www.l156.org/|title=Lincoln Elementary School District 156|website=Lincoln Elementary School District 156|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Lincoln Elementary School
• Hoover-Schrum Memorial School District No. 157{{cite web|url=http://www.hsdist157.org/|title=Home - Hoover-Schrum Memorial School District 157|website=www.hsdist157.org|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Hoover Elementary School
• Schrum Memorial Middle School

The city is served by two high school districts:

• Thornton Township High School District 205 (west of Torrence Avenue){{cite web|url=http://www.district205.net/|title=Thornton Township High Schools District 205 / Overview|website=www.district205.net|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Thornwood High School
• Thornton Fractional High School District 215 (east of Torrence Avenue){{cite web|url=http://www.tfd215.org/|title=Thornton Fractional High School District #215|website=www.tfd215.org|access-date=28 March 2018}}
• Thornton Fractional North High School

Pace provides bus service on multiple routes connecting Calumet City to destinations across the Southland.{{cite web|url=https://www.rtachicago.org/uploads/files/general/RTA-System-Map.pdf|title=RTA System Map|access-date=January 30, 2024}}

• Calboy, American rapper who rose to fame in 2018.
• Joseph F. Fanta (1914–1988), member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1957 to 1963 and 1965–1967. He was a childhood resident of Calumet City.{{cite news|last=Heise|first=Kenan|title=Joseph F. Fanta, 74, Former State Legislator|date=May 6, 1988|access-date=January 6, 2024|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1988-05-06-8803140834-story.html|quote=Mr. Fanta, a native of Calumet City, graduated from Lane Technical High School and attended Northwestern University}}
• Arline M. Fantin (b. 1937), Illinois state representative. She resided in Calumet City while a representative.'Illinois Blue Book 1997-1998,' Biographical Sketch of Arline M. Fantin, pg. 85
• Frank Giglio (b. 1933), Illinois state representative. He resided in Calumet City while a representative.'Illinois Blue Book 1993-1994,' Biographical Sketch of Frank Giglio, pg. 80
• John Jurkovic (b. 1967), defensive lineman for several NFL teams; radio host at ESPN Radio 1000{{Cite web| title = John Jurkovic| publisher = Football Database.com| year = 2011| url = http://www.databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JURKOJOH01| access-date = 11 May 2011| quote = High School: Thornton Fractional North (Calumet City, IL)| url-status = usurped| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111122091624/http://databasefootball.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=JURKOJOH01| archive-date = 22 November 2011}}{{Citation| last = Foltman| first = Bob| title = WMVP shuffles afternoon lineup: Low ratings cost Simonson-Canellis| newspaper = Chicago Tribune| date = 3 May 2001| url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/05/03/wmvp-shuffles-afternoon-lineup/| access-date =11 May 2011| quote = Jurkovic, who played with the Green Bay Packers and Jacksonville Jaguars before retiring in 1999, was voted the NFL's funniest player in a Sport Magazine poll in 1998. He is a Calumet City native and a graduate of Thornton Fractional North High School.}}
• Mirko Jurkovic (1970–2013), former offensive guard for the Chicago Bears and All-American at the University of Notre Dame{{cite web |url=http://www.und.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/jurkovic_mirko00.html |title=Mirko Jurkovic |author=anonymous |date=n.d. |publisher=Notre Dame Athletics |access-date=1 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222110021/http://www.und.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/jurkovic_mirko00.html |archive-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}
• Alan Keyes (b. 1950), conservative political activist and perennial candidate. Keyes moved from Maryland to Calumet City to establish residency after being drafted by the Illinois Republican Party to run against Barack Obama in the 2004 United States Senate election.{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Liam|last2=Mendell|first2=David|title=Keyes sets up house in Cal City|date=August 13, 2004|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=February 5, 2022|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-0408130201aug13-story.html}}
• Gene Krupa (1909–1973), jazz drummer, buried in Holy Cross Cemetery
• José Olivarez, poet, author of Citizen Illegal and Promises of Gold. Editor of The Breakbeat Poets Volume 4: LatiNext.
• DJ Rashad (1979–2014), Chicago house music producer
• Mike Tomczak (b. 1962), quarterback for several NFL teams, including the 1985 Chicago Bears Super Bowl champions{{Citation| last = Hamnik| first = Al| title = Cal City's Tomczak won't ever forget 'miracle' ride| newspaper = Northwest Indiana Times| date = 11 September 2010| url = http://www.nwitimes.com/sports/columnists/al-hamnik/article_f618ae7f-44e6-5dea-a7ab-eb3be0a8cf68.html| access-date =11 May 2011| quote = They had accepted Tomczak, the rookie, and occasionally he was allowed to play among them. "It was a miracle ride for me," the T.F. North grad and former Ohio State star said.}}{{Citation| last1 = Myslenski| first1 = Skip| last2 = Kay| first2 = Linda| title = Planning ahead: Mike Tomczak reached inside the breast...| newspaper = Chicago Tribune| date = 17 September 1986| url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/1986/09/17/planning-ahead-mike-tomczak-reached-inside-the/| access-date =11 May 2011| quote = Both Jo Ann and Ron Tomczak, who coached Mike at Thornton Fractional North, dashed the theory that their son had a case of the jitters Sunday.}}
• Steve Wojciechowski (b. 1970), former pitcher for the Oakland Athletics
• Tink (b. 1995), singer-songwriter
• Tim Walberg (b. 1951), member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan. His family moved from Chicago to Calumet City and he attended Thornton Fractional Township North High School.{{Cite web|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000798|title = Bioguide Search}}

{{unreferenced section|date=March 2022}}

Calumet City is featured or mentioned in a number of major movies. John Belushi's "Joliet Jake" and Dan Aykroyd's "Elwood" characters from The Blues Brothers were born in Calumet City, and so is the orphanage they grew up in, which they save "on a mission from God" by paying $5,000 in property taxes from a $10,000 record deal at their concert, as well as "Ray's Music Exchange" that holds the famed Ray Charles "Shake Your Tail-Feather" scene of the movie. In the book and film The Silence of the Lambs, Buffalo Bill is thought to be hiding in Calumet City, when he is actually in Belvedere, Ohio. The Calumet City scenes in the film were filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, however. Lily Tomlin's prim but assertive housewife/spokesperson "Mrs. Judith Beasley" is said to be a resident of Calumet City. She said, "Hi. I am not an actress, but a real person like yourself."

Calumet City is also referenced by a number of popular music acts. The Black Crowes included a video of the Smiley Towers in their 1990 video for "Hard to Handle". A photograph of the "Dolton" smiley water tower is featured on the back of the Dead Kennedys album Plastic Surgery Disasters. Rapper Twista has referenced Calumet City. Kanye West's reference to Calumet in his 2005 song "Drive Slow" does not refer to Calumet City, but rather to Calumet High School, which was located in the South Side of Chicago and not in Calumet City.

The Smiley Tower is also featured in the movie Natural Born Killers; it is seen out the window of Mallory's family home (part of that movie was filmed in Hammond, Indiana). In the Nine Inch Nails music video on the director's cut of the same film, the Smiley Tower and Dolton Avenue/State Street is featured.

The founders of the Calumet Baking Powder Company adopted its brand name from the original Native American word for the land that became Calumet City. They later named one of thoroughbred horse racing's most famed and successful enterprises, Calumet Farm, after the company.

In 2004, Alan Keyes purchased a raised ranch house in Calumet City to establish residency in Illinois so he could run for the U.S. Senate in place of Jack Ryan against Barack Obama, although instead of residing in the house, he officially moved into an apartment elsewhere in town, on Garfield Avenue.

In 2010, pop music group Hanson remade the "Shake Your Tailfeather" scene from The Blues Brothers for the music video for their hit "Thinkin' 'Bout Somethin'" in Tulsa, Oklahoma, paying homage to Calumet City's Ray's Music Exchange, John Belushi, and Ray Charles.

Jean Shepherd (writer and narrator of the classic movie A Christmas Story) in radio broadcasts from WOR radio, New York in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s and in his PBS specials of the 1970s and 1980s, and his many books, often refers to it as Cal City or just Calumet. He grew up in nearby Hammond, Indiana.

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.calumetcity.org Calumet City] official website

{{Cook County, Illinois}}

{{Chicagoland}}

{{Geographic location

|Center=Calumet City

|East=Hammond

}}

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Category:Chicago metropolitan area

Category:Cities in Illinois

Category:Cities in Cook County, Illinois

Category:Populated places established in 1892

Category:1892 establishments in Illinois

Category:Majority-minority cities and towns in Cook County, Illinois