Calverstown

File:Castles of Leinster- Calverstown, Kildare (1) (geograph 2495107).jpg]]

Calverstown has been in existence as a named location since the early medieval period. An early reference to lands described as "Terra Philippi Vituli" (Latin for "Philip of Calves land") provides an unaudited confirmation in the form of a petition from the Order of Hospitallers of Kilmainham listing their possessions to Pope Innocent III in 1212. The Irish name Baile an Chalbhaigh was historically anglicised as Ballinchalwey, Ballinchallowe and Ballinchalloe.[http://www.logainm.ie/128509.aspx Placenames Database of Ireland] (see archival records)

In a note to an edition of Bishop Richard de Ledrede's account of the Kyteler witchcraft trial, Wright (1843, pp. 56-57) noted that Walter le Veele, or Calf, of Calfstown was Chancellor of Kildare Cathedral and was made Bishop of Kildare in 1299. He purchased the manor of Norragh, in which Calverstown is situated, from Geoffrey de Norragh before his death in 1332. The barony was inherited by his nephew John Calf, who passed it to his son Sir Robert Calf and to his daughter Elizabeth Calf who married William Wellesley of Baronsrath, whose heirs held the barony after that. The name of the town appears to be derived from the anglicised name of the le Veele family.

It is explicitly mentioned in a Rental of Gerald Earl of Kildare begun in 1518-19 1518 as "In baronia de Norragh. Item, in the barone of the Norragh & may be distraynet at Calfiston: £6" (MacNiocaill 1992, 291); and in the Extents of Irish Monastic Possessions 1540-41. In the former, the name is spelt Calfiston, in the latter, Calveston.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

The Civil Survey of 1656 noted that in 1641 Calverstown contained 760 Irish acres of land and had one castle and a stone quarry and was held by Sir Robert Dixon (Simington 1952, 98) The Dixon family held the estate until about 1730, when it passed by inheritance to the Borrowes Baronets.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

The population, street layout and land use have changed little over the past two-and-a-half centuries. A map from 1752 shows a layout very similar to that of today. The natural environment reflects the predominance of well-established enclosed agricultural land.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

The ruins of Calverstown Castle (an early 17th-century manor house incorporating an earlier tower house) are located to the south of the village in the demesne of the later (18th century) Calverstown House.{{cite web|url = https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/11903211/calverstown-house-calverstown-demesne-county-kildare | publisher = National Inventory of Architectural Heritage | website = buildingsofireland.ie | title = Calverstown House, Calverstown Demesne, County Kildare | accessdate = 5 January 2020 }}

Two battles were fought nearby. In 738 at the Battle of Uchbad (Ballyshannon, Grid reference N78830), Aed Allin defeated the Laigin and established Kildare's hegemony over the kingship of Leinster that would last nearly 300 years.Journal of the Kildare Historical and Archaeological Society, Volume III pp425-452 In 1642, James Butler, Earl of Ormond defeated his second cousin Richard Butler, Lord Mountgarrett, on the high grounds of Kilrush and Bullhill, a victory was considered so important that the English House of Commons voted him £500 for the purchase of a jewel, and petitioned the King to create him a Knight of the Garter. The site has since then been known as Battlemount (Grid reference S 77276). Guillaume le Maréchal (or William Marshall), Earl of Pembroke and son-in-law of Strongbow, founded an Augustinian Abbey in Kilrush at the start of the thirteenth century, which subsisted until the Suppression of the Monasteries in the 1540s.Journal of the Kildare Historical and Archaeological Society, Volume XVII pp125-126

{{main|1903 Gordon Bennett Cup}}

File:1903 Gordon Bennett Trophy. De Knyff passes Winton repairing his car.jpg

On Thursday, 2 July 1903 the Gordon Bennett Cup started at the Ballyshannon crossroads {{convert|1|mi|km|0}} from the centre of Calverstown. It was the first international motor race to be held in Great Britain. The Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland wanted the race to be hosted in the British Isles, and Ireland was suggested as the venue because racing was illegal on British public roads. After some lobbying, several local laws were adjusted and Kildare was chosen as the location – at least partly because the straightness of the roads was seen as a safety benefit. As a compliment to Ireland, the British team chose to race in Shamrock green{{r|Colors|group=Note}} which thus became known as British racing green.{{r|Champanellois}}{{r|Leinster}}{{r|Forix GBT 1903}}{{r|Forix Gordon B}} The route consisted of several loops of a circuit that passed through Kilcullen, Kildare, Monasterevin, Stradbally, Athy, Castledermot, and Carlow. The race started at the Ballyshannon cross-roads ({{coord|53.0853|-6.82}}) near Calverstown on the contemporary N78. The {{convert|328|mi|km|0}} race was ultimately won by the Belgian racer Camille Jenatzy, driving a Mercedes.{{r|Bleacher}}{{r|Leinster}}

• Veronica Burns (1914 – 1998), was an Irish museum curator, born in Calverstown
• Robert Dixon (1685-1732), was an Irish barrister, judge and politician
• Otto Skorzeny (1908-1975), Austrian-born German Nazi, owned nearby Martinstown House from 1959-1971.
• Ruby Walsh, a national hunt jockey, lives in Calverstown with his family. {{citation needed|date=January 2020}}

• List of towns and villages in Ireland

• {{cite book |last=Dick |first=William |author2=Vanda Clayton |author3=Rebecca Jeffrey |title=Calverstown, A baseline review for Calverstown Tidy Towns |year=1999 |publisher= duQuesne Environmental Limited|location= Blessington Co. Wicklow, Ireland}}
• {{cite book |last=MacNiocaill |first=G. |title=Crown Surveys of Lands 1540-41 With the Kildare Rental Begun in 1518 |year=1992 |publisher= Irish Manuscripts Commission|location= Dublin}}
• {{cite book |last=Simington |first=R.C. |title=Civil Survey Co. Kildare |year=1952 |publisher= Irish Manuscripts Commission|location= Dublin}}
• {{cite book |last=Wright |first=T. |title=A Contemporary Narrative of the Proceedings Against Dame Alice Kyteler Prosecuted for Sorcery in 1334 by Richard De Ledrede, Bishop Of Ossory|year=1843 |publisher= The Camden Society|location= London}}

{{reflist|group=Note|refs=

According to [http://www.kildare.ie/heritage/Gordon-Bennett-Race/Leinster-Leader-11-04-1903-2.asp Leinster Leader, Saturday, 11 April 1903], Britain had to choose a different colour to its usual national colours of red, white and blue, as these had already been taken by Italy, Germany and France respectively. It also stated red as the color for American cars in the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup.

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{{reflist|refs=

[http://bleacherreport.com/articles/83945-the-birth-of-british-motor-racing Bleacher report, The Birth of British motor racing]

[http://cghc.free.fr/coupe_gb1905.php%3Flang%3Dgb Circle Genealogic and Historic Champanellois] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305120335/http://cghc.free.fr/coupe_gb1905.php?lang=gb |date=5 March 2007 }}

{{cite web|url = http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=8104C4D8-D88F-4D7F-835B-3B71F69F3ABA#SAPMAP_T1_100 | publisher = CSO | work = Census 2016 | title = Sapmap Area - Settlements - Calverstown | date = April 2016 | accessdate = 5 January 2020 }}

[http://forix.autosport.com/8w/gbt03.html Forix 8W - Britain's first international motor race by Brendan Lynch, based on his Triumph of the Red Devil, the 1903 Irish Gordon Bennett Cup Race. 22 October 2003]

[http://forix.autosport.com/8w/gbennett.html The Gordon Bennett races - the birth of international competition. Author Leif Snellman, Summer 2001]

[http://www.kildare.ie/heritage/Gordon-Bennett-Race/Leinster-Leader-11-04-1903-2.asp Leinster Leader, Saturday, 11 April 1903]

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{{County Kildare}}

Category:Towns and villages in County Kildare