Calvin Pease

Calvin Pease was born in Suffield, Connecticut. He studied law in the office of his brother-in-law Gideon Granger, and was admitted to the bar in 1798, practicing in New Hartford, Connecticut.{{cite web | url= https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/courts/judicial-system/supreme-court-of-ohio/justices-1803-to-present/calvin-pease/ |publisher=The Supreme Court of Ohio & The Ohio Judicial System |title=Calvin Pease |access-date=2011-08-29}}Randall 1912 : 126 He came to the Northwest Territory in 1800. He was appointed first clerk of the court of quarter sessions in August in Warren, and admitted to the bar in October. After Ohio's statehood, he was elected president-judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the Third Circuit.Upton 1910 : 84

While Pease was Judge of the Third Circuit, the Legislature passed a law that "justices of the peace should have jurisdiction in civil cases to the amount of $50, without the right of trial by jury." Pease held that this was in conflict with the United States Constitution, which stated "in suits of common law when the value shall exceed $20, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved," and the State Constitution, which stated "the right of trial by jury shall be inviolate." This decision established judicial review of legislative decisions.{{Ohio History Central|383|George Tod|date=2005-07-01}} Supreme Court Judges George Tod and Samuel Huntington upheld Pease's decision. Pease and Tod were impeached by the legislature. Huntington was not impeached because he had already been elected governor and would resign his seat by the wend of the year. Pease and Tod were each acquitted in their impeachment trials by a single vote.Neff 1921, p. 50-53{{cite web |last1=O'Brien |first1=Dan |title=Flashback: The Impeachment of George Tod |url=https://businessjournaldaily.com/flashback-impeachment-george-tod/ |website=Business Journal Daily {{!}} The Youngstown Publishing Company |access-date=3 January 2023 |date=15 March 2019}}{{cite web |title=SamuelHuntington » Supreme Court of Ohio |url=https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/courts/judicial-system/supreme-court-of-ohio/justices-1803-to-present/samuel-huntington/ |website=www.supremecourt.ohio.gov |access-date=3 January 2023}} One author says "From that day, the right of the Supreme Court to pass on the constitutionality of laws has seldom even been questioned." Another says "The Ohio legislature, however, would continue to try to establish itself as the dominant force in state government at the expense of the judicial branch."

In 1812-1813, Pease was elected to the Ohio Senate representing Trumbull County in the 11th General Assembly.Ohio 1917 : 220 In 1816, the Legislature elected him to the Ohio Supreme Court, a position he held until 1830. In 1831 and 1832, he represented Trumbull County in the Ohio House of Representatives for the 30th General Assembly.Ohio 1917 : 266

On June 2, 1804, Pease married Laura Grant Risley in Washington, D.C. They had seven children, five of whom survived to adulthood.

Calvin Pease died September 17, 1839, in Warren. He was buried at Oakwood Cemetery in Warren, and his wife was buried next to him after she died April 6, 1872.

{{Reflist|2}}

• {{cite book|ref=randall|title=History of Ohio: the Rise and Progress of an American State |volume=5 |first1=Emilius |last1=Randall |first2=Daniel Joseph |last2=Ryan |publisher=The Century History Company |location=New York |author-link2=Daniel J. Ryan|year=1912 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA126}}
• {{cite book|ref=west|title=History of the Western Reserve |volume=1 |first=Harriet Taylor |last=Upton|editor-first=Harry Gardner |editor-last=Cutler |publisher=The Lewis Publishing Company |author-link=Harriet Taylor Upton|location=New York |year=1910 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEsbLFoBttYC&pg=PA84}}
• {{cite book|title=Manual of legislative practice in the General Assembly |last=Ohio General Assembly |author-link=Ohio General Assembly |year=1917 |ref=ohio1917|publisher=State of Ohio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7qesAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA220 }}

• {{find a Grave|5639420|Hon. Calvin Pease (1776-1839)|access-date=2012-10-31}}

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Category:Ohio lawyers

Category:Ohio state senators

Category:Members of the Ohio House of Representatives

Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of Ohio

Category:People from Warren, Ohio

Category:1776 births

Category:1839 deaths

Category:19th-century American lawyers

Category:United States judges impeached by state or territorial governments

Category:19th-century members of the Ohio General Assembly