Calymene

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = Tremadocian-Pragian
~{{fossil range|489|409}}

| image = Calymene clavicula dorsal.jpg

| image_caption = Calymene clavicula 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan

| taxon = Calymene

| authority = Brongniart, 1822

| type_species = Calymene blumenbachii

| type_species_authority = Brongniart, 1822

}}

Calymene is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops.{{cite web |url=http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |work=The Paleontology Database |title=†Calymene Muenster 1840 (trilobite) |access-date=April 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720082301/http://paleodb.geology.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=21478 |archive-date=2012-07-20 |url-status=dead}} Calymene is closely related to Flexicalymene, and both genera are frequently found enrolled.{{cite book |editor=John P. Rafferty |year=2010 |title=The Paleozoic Era: Diversification of Plant and Animal Life |series=Geologic History of Earth |publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing |isbn=978-1-61530-196-6}}

Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.{{cite book|author1=Milson, C. |author2=Rigby, S. |author2-link=Sue Rigby |title=Fossils at a Glance|year=2004|publisher=Blackwell Science Ltd|location=Oxford}}

The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).Brongniart, A. 1822. Les Trilobites. pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles. Paris. F.-G. Levrault, Libraire. 154 pp. 11 pls. A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)Desmarest, A-G. 1816. Calymène. pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5. (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

Etymology

Calymene - meaning beautiful crescent as a reference to the glabella.

Known species and locations

†Calymene blumenbachii, Dudley, England - Type{{cite journal |author=Derek J. Siveter |year=1985 |title=The type species of Calymene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England |journal=Palaeontology |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=783–792 |url=http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |access-date=2017-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175219/http://cdn.palass.org/publications/palaeontology/volume_28/pdf/vol28_part4_pp783-792.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-16 |url-status=dead}}
†Calymene brevicapitata, N. and S. Wales
†Calymene breviceps, Indiana and Illinois
†Calymene celebra, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.{{cite web|title=Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 (trilobite)|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=189543|publisher=Paleobiology Database|access-date=20 August 2011}}{{cite web|author=Alex J. Chestnut |title=Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita |url=http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=wright1239724101 |publisher=OhioLINK ETD Center |access-date=August 21, 2011}}
†Calymene clavicula, Oklahoma
†Calymene daviesii, Radnorshire, Wales
†Calymene duplicata, Wales and Ireland
†Calymene hopkinsoni, Wales
†Calymene niagarensis, New York
†Calymene parvifrons, Wales
†Calymene senaria, N. Wales and Ireland
†Calymene tristani, Cornwall, England
†Calymene tuberculata, Gotland, Sweden
†Calymene vogdesi, Ohio
†Calymene sp. in the Silurian–Ordovician of Morocco

= Reassigned species =

Since the genus Calymene was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:{{cite book|last= Moore|first= R. C.|year= 1959|title= Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha|publisher= Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press|series= Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology|volume= Part O.|pages=1–560|location= Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas|isbn= 0-8137-3015-5}}{{div col|colwidth=24em}}

C. aculeata = Parasolenopleura aculeata
C. aequalis = Archegonus aequalis
C. anchiops = Anchiopella anchiops
C. arachnoides = Asteropyge arachnoides
C. arago = Colpocoryphe arago
C. articulata = Crotalocephalus articulatus
C. baylei = Metacalymene baylei
C. bellatula = Cybele bellatula
C. bufo rana = Phacops rana
C. calicephala = Orimops calicephala
C. canaliculata = Solenopleura canaliculata{{cite journal|last= Esteve|first= Jorge|year= 2015|title= Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3|journal= Annales de Paléontologie|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001|volume=101|issue= 3|pages=185–192|bibcode= 2015AnPal.101..185E}}
C. cambrensis = Flexicalymene cambrensis
C. caractaci = Flexicalymene caractaci
C. clavifrons = Cyrtometopus clavifrons
C. concinna = Proetus concinnus
C. diademata = Diacalymene diademata
C. downingiae = Acaste downingiae
C. frontiloba = Pliomera fischeri
C. granulata = Phacops granulatus
C. holometopa = Solenopleura holometopa
C. marginata = Perliproetus marginata
C. odini = Chasmops odini
C. ornata = Ceraurinella ornata{{cite journal|first= Helje|last= Pärnaste|year= 2004|title= Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative|journal= Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol.|volume= 53|issue= 2|pages= 125–138|doi= 10.3176/geol.2004.2.03|s2cid= 55808470|url= http://www.gi.ee/pdfid/10912.pdf}}
C. papillata = Papillicalymene papillata
C. platycephala = Platycoryphe platycephala
C. polytoma = Pliomera fischeri
C. sclerops = Pterygometopus sclerops
C. sinensis = Blackwelderia sinensis
C. speciosa = Parapilekia speciosa
C. stenometopa = Acrocephalites stenometopus
C. stokesii = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain{{cite journal|last1= Ramskjöld|first1= L.|last2= Werdelin|first2= L.|year= 1991|title= The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites|journal= Cladistics|volume= 7|pages= 29–74|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x|doi-access= free}}
C. tingi = Calymenesun tingi
C. tournemini = Placoparia tournemini
C. tristani = Synhomalonotus tristani
C. unicornis = Reedocalymene unicornis
C. variolaris = Balizoma variolaris
C. verrucosa = Atractopyge verrucosa
C. volborthi = Ptychometopus volborthi

References

External links

{{Commons category-inline|Calymene|Calymene}}
{{cite book |author=Henry Woodward |year=1877 |url=https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog |title=A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of Each Genus and Order |publisher=Taylor and Francis |pages=[https://archive.org/details/acataloguebriti00woodgoog/page/n44 28]–29|author-link=Henry Woodward (geologist) }}

Category:Calymenidae

Category:Silurian trilobites of Europe

Category:Silurian trilobites of North America

Category:Early Ordovician first appearances

Category:Early Devonian genus extinctions

Category:Phacopida genera