Calymmanthium

{{Short description|Species of plant}}

{{Speciesbox

|image = Calymmanthium substerile 03.jpg

|image_caption = Calymmanthium substerile

|display_parents = 3

|genus = Calymmanthium

|parent_authority = F.Ritter

|species = substerile

|authority = F.Ritter

}}

Calymmanthium is a monotypic genus of primitive tree-like cacti from northern Peru.{{Cite journal |last=Nyffeler |first=R. |date=2002-02-01 |title=Phylogenetic relationships in the cactus family (Cactaceae) based on evidence from trnK/ matK and trnL-trnF sequences |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.3732/ajb.89.2.312 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=312–326 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.2.312 |pmid=21669740 |issn=0002-9122|url-access=subscription }} The only species is Calymmanthium substerile (also known as C. fertile). It belongs to the tribe Lymanbensonieae. The young flowers of Calymmanthium are completely encased within the plant's pedicel until it is fully developed, at which time the growing yellow flower swells until it cracks the pedicel open, allowing pollinators access.{{cite book |date=2002 |last=Mauseth |first=James |display-authors=et al |title=Cactus Odyssey |location=Portland |publisher=Timber Press |pages=150–152}} The plant has an upright trunk, but many of the branches sprawl on the ground.Mauseth, Odyssey, loc.cit.

Diploperianthium F.Ritter (nom. inval.) has been brought into synonymy with this genus.