Camille Gutt

{{short description|Economist, industrialist, politician (1884-1971)}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Camille Gutt

| image = 250px

| caption = Gutt in 1944

| office = Managing Director of the
International Monetary Fund

| term_start = 6 May 1946

| term_end = 5 May 1951

| predecessor = Office established

| successor = Ivar Rooth

| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|11|14|df=y}}

| birth_place = Brussels, Belgium

| death_date = {{death date and age|1971|06|07|1884|11|14|df=y}}

| death_place = Brussels, Belgium

| birthname = Camille Guttenstein

| nationality = Belgian

| alma_mater = Université libre de Bruxelles

| profession = {{hlist|Lawyer|economist}}

| signature =

}}

Camille Gutt (14 November 1884 – 7 June 1971), born Camille Guttenstein, was a Belgian economist, politician, and industrialist who served as the first managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 1946 to 1951. He was the architect of a monetary reform plan that facilitated the recovery of the economy of Belgium after the Second World War.

Early life

Born in Brussels, he was a son of Max Guttenstein and Marie-Paule Schweitzer. Max Guttenstein had moved to Belgium from Austria-Hungary in 1877 and became a Belgian citizen in 1886.[http://www.epo.be/uitgeverij/extrainfo.php?id=9789064454387-C#noot11 Camille Gutt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706133920/http://www.epo.be/uitgeverij/extrainfo.php?id=9789064454387-C |date=6 July 2011 }}[http://www.nbb.be/pub/07_00_00_00_00/07_07_00_00_00/07_07_08_00_00/07-07-08-01-32.htm?l=en An unusual postcard] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203135010/http://www.nbb.be/pub/07_00_00_00_00/07_07_00_00_00/07_07_08_00_00/07-07-08-01-32.htm?l=en |date=3 December 2008 }} Camille Gutt attended high school at the Royal Athenaeum in Ixelles. Gutt obtained a PhD in legal studies, and a master's degree in political and social sciences at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB). During his study, he met Claire Frick, whom he married in 1906. The marriage gave birth to three sons: Jean-Max (1914–1941), François (1916–1944) and Etienne (1922–2011).{{cite book|author=Éliane Gubin|title=Dictionnaire des femmes belges: XIXe et XXe siècles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIPj8NRvuNAC&pg=PA262|year=2006|publisher=Lannoo Uitgeverij|isbn=978-2-87386-434-7|pages=261–262}} Gutt was Protestant, although from Jewish origin.{{Cite web |title=The Participation of Jews in the Allied Armies |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/articles/academic/participation-of-jews-in-allied%C2%A0armies.html |website=Yad Vashem}}{{Cite web |last=Hunton{{!}}CNBC.com |first=Ed |title=Top of the World: Former IMF Chiefs |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2011/06/27/Top-of-the-World:-Former-IMF-Chiefs.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=CNBC |date=27 June 2011 |language=en}}

Career

Camille Gutt worked in various industries, such as in the Société Générale de Belgique and Groupe Empain as well as politics. During World War I, Gutt worked for Georges Theunis and again from 1920 until 1924 as his Chief of Cabinet. Later, Gutt also worked for Emile Francqui. Camille Gutt was Minister of Finance of Belgium in 1934–1935 and 1939–1940, Minister of Finance, Economics and Traffic in 1940–1942, Minister of Finance and economics in 1942–1943, and Minister of Finance in 1943–1944 in the Belgian government in exile in London.

Gutt was responsible for saving the Belgian franc before and after World War II. Before the war, he saved the Belgian currency by secretly transferring the gold reserves of the Belgian National Bank out of Nazi reach. After the war, he stabilized the Belgian franc and forestalled inflation, with what still is known as the {{Ill|Gutt operation|nl|Operatie Gutt}}. Camille Gutt also played a major role in forging the Benelux, and by this contributed to the formation of the European Union. He was the inaugural Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from 1946 to 1951, after which he was a partner at the Banque Lambert until his retirement in 1964.{{citation |title=Le baron Léon Lambert, un banquier et financier belge d'envergure internationale du XXe siècle |author=Anne-Myriam Dutrieue |url=https://robscholtemuseum.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Anne-Myriam-Dutrieue-Le-baron-Le%CC%81on-Lambert-un-banquier-et-financier-Belge-denvergure-internationale-du-XXe-siecle.pdf |year=2010}}{{rp|4}}

Honours

{{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon in the Order of Leopold.Recueil Des Cours, Collected Courses, 1948, Volume 72.
{{flag|Netherlands}}: Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Orange-Nassau.
{{flag|Luxemburg}}: Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Oak Crown.
Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Merit.
{{flag|France}}: Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour.

Selected publications

{{Citation |last=Gutt |first=Camille |author-mask=3 |title=The International Monetary Fund and Its Functions |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=49–56 |year=1947 |doi=10.2307/1173022 |jstor=1173022 }}.
{{Citation |last=Gutt |first=Camille |author-mask=3 |title=Exchange Rates and the International Monetary Fund |journal=Review of Economics and Statistics |volume=30 |issue=2 |year=1948 |pages=81–90 |doi=10.2307/1928786 |jstor=1928786 }}.

References

External links

[http://www.imf.org/external/np/arc/eng/fa/OMD/overview_omd.htm IMF Archives]
[http://www.lootedartcommission.com/lootedart_brettonwoods.htm United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference Final Act] (Bretton Woods, New Hampshire 1 to 22 July 1944)
{{PM20|FID=pe/006786}}

{{succession box

| before = inaugural

| title = Head of the International Monetary Fund

| years = 1946–1951

| after = Ivar Rooth

}}

Category:1884 births

Category:1971 deaths

Category:Belgian economists

Category:20th-century Belgian lawyers

Category:Belgian people of World War II

Category:Ministers of state of Belgium