Camille Kelley

{{Infobox person

| name = Camille Kelley

| image = Judge Camille Kelley at Farm and Home Week.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Camille Kelley at "Farm and Home Week", 1949

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1879|10|13}}

| birth_place = Trenton, Tennessee, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|01|28|1879|10|13}}

| death_place = Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.

| nationality =

| other_names =

| occupation = Juvenile court judge

| years_active = 1920 - 1950

| known_for = second female juvenile court judge in the nation; accomplice to the kidnappings of Georgia Tann

| notable_works = A Friend In Court (1942), Delinquent Angels (1947), Kelleygrams (1949)

}}

Camille Kelley ({{nee}} McGee; October 13, 1879 – January 28, 1955) was an American juvenile court judge and author. She was investigated by the state of Tennessee for using her judgeship to aid Georgia Tann's ongoing adoption fraud operation conducted under the auspices of the Tennessee Children's Home Society and resigned shortly after this information became public.

Early life and education

Kelley was born in Trenton, Tennessee.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} She attended the State Normal School of Jackson, Tennessee, before deciding to become a doctor like her father, and attending Rochelle Warford Sanitarium.{{sfn|Trost|2005|pp=52, 53}} She planned to continue her medical education in Philadelphia, but instead took over the care of her nieces and her nephews when her brother's wife died.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} She married Thomas F. Kelley, a prominent lawyer in Memphis.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}}

Career

She said that women and mothers were the only people fit to be advocates of child welfare.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} In 1909, she founded the Memphis branch of the Parent-Teacher Association, eventually rising to the position of chairman of the Memphis federation of the organization.{{sfn|Child-welfare Magazine|1920|p=96}} She then began studying state child welfare laws and child psychology.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} She also served as the secretary of the City Agricultural Committee during World War I.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}}{{sfn|Child-welfare Magazine|1920|p=96}} Although not a lawyer, she worked for years in the law office of her husband, Thomas Fitzgerald Kelley.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} After his death, and with the aid of Memphis mayor "Boss" Crump,{{fact|date=October 2022}} Camille Kelley was appointed and then elected as the juvenile court judge in Shelby County, Tennessee, and served from May 1, 1920 to 1950.{{sfn|Child-welfare Magazine|1920|p=96}}{{sfn|Trost|2005|pp=51, 52}} She was the first woman in the South to serve in this position.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=9}} As she initially was an unelected official, her rulings were the subject of multiple constitutional lawsuits by parents whose children had received her sentences.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=51}} However, in 1921, women were granted the right to vote and the Tennessee state legislature created an independent municipal family court for Shelby County; both events legitimized her position.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=51}} She was reelected a total of seven times.{{cite journal |title=National 4-H Club News |date=November 1950 |volume=XXVIII |issue=11 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mh8fAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22camille+kelley%22&pg=RA22-PA7 |access-date=14 October 2022 |publisher=National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work.}} Known as the "Little Irish Judge," she never wore a judicial robe in court, opting instead for colorful dresses, jewels, and always a flower pinned to her shoulder.{{fact|date=October 2022}} She was quoted as saying, "Robes would scare the children to death. They're not so timid when they appear before me and see that I am wearing a flower."{{fact|date=October 2022}}

In reference to her philosophy of trying juvenile delinquents, Kelly was quoted as saying, "We try the boy, not his offense. We seek to take away from him nothing but his mistakes."{{fact|date=October 2022}} She was also of the opinion that juvenile justice should be tempered with a sympathetic understanding of human problems.{{sfn|Trost|2005|p=52}} Shortly after she retired, she claimed that favorable results were obtained in 85-90-percent of the 50,000 cases that she had handled.{{fact|date=October 2022}}

Kelley would publish three books: A Friend In Court (published in 1942), Delinquent Angels (published in 1947), and Kelleygrams (published in 1949).

Tennessee Children's Home Society

Hallmark Productions was producing a movie based on her book, Delinquent Angels, but suspended production after her resignation from the bench in November 1950, in a storm of controversy and charges after the results of a special investigation ordered by Governor Gordon Browning were released.

The investigation surrounded illegal adoptions-for-profit by Georgia Tann and the Tennessee Children's Home Society. It charged that approximately 20% of the illegal adoptions at the home were funneled through Kelley's court, where she would remove parental rights and provide Tann with documents to place the children as she deemed appropriate.

Kelley was never prosecuted for any crimes associated with the home. She died at her son's home at age 75, more than four years after the scandal first broke, from complications due to a stroke.{{cite news |title=Camille Kelley, a Memphis Judge: First Woman Appointed to Municipal Juvenile Court in the South is Dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/01/29/archives/camille-kelley-amemphis-judge-first-woman-appointed-to-municipal.html |access-date=7 August 2023 |work=New York Times |date=January 29, 1955 |page=15}}

Personal life

She had two sons and daughter. The daughter died as a child.{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Margaret |last2=Johnson |first2=Frances |last3=Faudree |first3=Pat |last4=Tilly |first4=Bette |title=Margaret and Frances Johnson, 1979 |date=1979 |url=https://dlynx.rhodes.edu/jspui/bitstream/10267/33986/1/19790611_Margaret_and_Frances_Johnson.doc |access-date=3 October 2022}}

Bibliography

=Essays=

The Spirit of the Juvenile Court," Annual Report and Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the National Probation Association (June 1925){{cite journal |last1=Kelley |first1=Camille |title=The Spirit of the Juvenile Court |journal=Annual Report and Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the National Probation Association |date=1925 |volume=19 |pages=101–104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avsVAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22camille+kelley%22&pg=PA101 |access-date=14 October 2022 |publisher=National Probation Association, Inc |location=New York, NY}}
"Broken Children," "Child Welfare Magazine" (August 1926){{cite journal |last1=Kelley |first1=Camille |title=Broken Children |journal=Child Welfare Magazine |date=August 1926 |volume=XX |issue=12 |pages=691–693 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AodLAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22camille+kelley%22&pg=PA691 |access-date=14 October 2022 |publisher=Child Welfare Company, Inc}}

=Books=

A Friend in Court (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1942)
Delinquent Angels (Brown-White-Lowell Press, 1947)
Kelleygrams (Self-published, 1949)

References

=Works cited=

{{cite magazine |magazine=Child-welfare Magazine |date=1920 |volume=XV |issue=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irIXa3Q-6ckC |publisher=Child Welfare Company |ref={{sfnref|Child-welfare Magazine|1920}} |title=Child-welfare Magazine }}
{{cite book |last1=Trost |first1=Jennifer Ann |title=Gateway to Justice: The Juvenile Court and Progressive Child Welfare in a Southern City |date=2005 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |isbn=978-0-8203-2671-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwIcBIh19tcC}}

=General references=

Report to Governor Gordon Browning on Shelby County Branch, Tennessee Children's Home Society. 1951, [Nashville] : State of Tennessee, Dept. of Public Welfare.