Camp of National Unity
{{more footnotes|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox political party
| abbreviation = OZN
| native_name = Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego
| logo_size = 125
| colorcode = {{party color|Camp of National Unity}}
| logo = Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego chain link logo.svg
| leader = Adam Koc
Stanisław Skwarczyński
{{ill|Zygmunt Wenda|pl}}
| foundation = 21 February 1937
| dissolution = 16 May 1941
| membership_year = 1938
| membership = 100,000
| newspaper = Gazeta PolskaGazeta Polska is the OZN body. "Newspaper Lvov," p. 1, No. 280, December 10, 1937.
| predecessor = Sanation Right
| ideology = Polish nationalism
National conservatism
Economic militarism
Economic nationalism
Anti-communism
Antisemitism
| youth_wing = Union of Young Poland
| wing1_title = Paramilitary wing
| wing1 = Obóz Polski Walczącej
| headquarters = Warsaw, Poland
| position = Right-wing
| country = Poland
}}
File:Deklaracja OZN.jpg on 22 February 1937]]
Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego ({{IPA|pol|ˈɔbuz zjɛdnɔˈtʂɛɲa narɔdɔˈvɛɡɔ|}}, OZN; {{langx|en|Camp of National Unity}}), often called Ozon (Polish for "ozone"), was a Polish political party founded in 1937 by sections of the leadership in the Sanation movement.
A year after the 1935 death of Poland's Chief of State Marshal Józef Piłsudski, in mid-1936, one of his followers, Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły, attempted to unite the various government factions under his leadership. The attempt failed as another (opposing) Sanacja politician, President Ignacy Mościcki, likewise had a large following; nevertheless, substantial numbers of people did throw their lot in with Rydz-Śmigły.
On February 21, 1937, diplomat and Colonel Adam Koc formally announced the formation of OZN.{{Cite web|date=23 February 1937|title=Gazeta Lwowska|url=https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/plain-content?id=40499|access-date=2020-06-22|website=Jagiellonian Digital Library}} Its stated aims were to improve Poland's national defense and to safeguard the April 1935 Constitution. OZN was strongly pro-military, and its politicians sought to portray Marshal Rydz-Śmigły as Marshal Józef Piłsudski's heir, describing Rydz-Śmigły as the "second person in the country" after President Mościcki—a claim that had no foundation in the Polish Constitution. The party later went on to win the 1938 Legislative election.
OZN's first official leader was Adam Koc,{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wb3CrCscXPAC|title=Between Hitler and Stalin: The Quick Life and Secret Death of Edward Smigly Rydz, Marshal of Poland|last=Patterson|first=Archibald L.|date=2010-07-01|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|isbn=9781608445639|language=en}} and its second was General Stanisław Skwarczyński. After the 1939 German invasion of Poland and the start of World War II, OZN leadership passed to Colonel Zygmunt Wenda. In 1937, OZN claimed some 40,000–50,000 members; in 1938, 100,000.
During World War II and the German occupation of Poland, OZN's underground military arm, created in 1942, was known as Obóz Polski Walczącej (the Camp of Fighting Poland).
See also
- Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (Bezpartyjny Blok Współpracy z Rządem, BBWR)
- National Radical Camp (1934) (Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, ONR)
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite journal | last = Wynot, Jr. | first = Edward D. |date= October 1971 | title = 'A Necessary Cruelty': The Emergence of Official Anti-Semitism in Poland, 1936–39 | journal = The American Historical Review | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 1035–58 | doi = 10.2307/1849240 | publisher = The American Historical Review | jstor = 1849240}}
- {{cite journal | last = Seidner | first = Stanley S. | year = 1975 | title = The Camp of National Unity: An Experiment in Domestic Consolidation | journal = The Polish Review | volume = 20 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 231–36}}
{{commons category|Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego}}
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Category:Political parties established in 1937
Category:1937 establishments in Poland
Category:Defunct political parties in Poland
Category:Nationalist parties in Poland
Category:Antisemitism in Europe
Category:Antisemitism in Poland
Category:Polish nationalist parties
Category:Right-wing antisemitism