Campaigns of Shymkent
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Shymkent
| place = Shymkent
| partof = Russian conquest of Central Asia
| image = Kokand Khanate. Gate of the Kokand Palace in the City of Kokand. Exterior View, with Soldiers of the Kokand Khan's Army Standing Outside the Entrance WDL10730.png
| date = First campaign: 22 July
Second campaign: 14–22 September, 1864
| result = First Battle: Russian Retreat
Second Battle: Russian victory
| combatant1 = {{flag|Russian Empire}}
Supported by:
{{flagicon|Qing dynasty}} Qing Dynasty
| combatant2 = {{flag|Khanate of Kokand}}
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzs
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Russian Empire}} Mikhail Chernyayev
| commander2 = Alimqul
| strength1 = 1,298{{sfn|Terentyev|2022|p=308}}
| strength2 = Initial: 25,000{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=539}}
Eventual: 10,000
| casualties1 = 6 killed, 41 wounded
| casualties2 = First campaign: 3,000 killed
Second campaign: 10,000 killed or captured
}}{{Short description|1864 battle in Kazakhstan}}
{{Campaignbox Russian conquest of Kokand}}
{{Campaignbox Russian conquest of Central Asia}}
The Battle of Chymkent took place in 1864 between the Kyrgyz, Khanate of Kokand against the Russian Empire. General Chernyaev besieged Shymkent for ten days, during which there were daily battles; he eventually withdrew without taking the city. Mullah Alimkul then strengthened the city's defenses by gathering a garrison of Uzbeks and Kyrgyz. After finishing this task, he put Mirza-Ahmet in charge of Tashkent and went to Kokand with the Kokand army.{{sfn|Kanesarin|2016}}{{page needed|date=September 2024}}{{Cite book |title=Хронологический указатель военных действий русской армии и флота. |pages=54–55 |language=Russian}}In this battle, Qing Dynasty, which was also at war with Kyrgyz, supported Russians.
During the second campaign, Chernyaev acted much more successfully, and was able to take the city, continuing the Russian expansion further to Tashkent.
First Battle
The expedition was heading to explore the citadel of the city and prepare its siege, when Chernyaev approached the city, he realized that he was surrounded by 25,000 Kokand army.{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=539}} He quickly prepared for the battle and set up an artillery and he stood in a square, the Kokandans conducted two attacks, the first was the largest and most dangerous, confusing the Russians with an incredible hum and shout they could break through their formation, however, the artillery sounded louder and the Cossacks repelled the onslaught with incredibly heavy losses for the Kokandans.{{sfn|Terentyev|2022|p=313}} Three hours later, the Kokand people repeated the attack, but not so decisively and were forced to retreat, the khanate's losses up to 3,000 killed.{{sfn|Terentyev|2022|pp=313-314}} Despite the success in the battle, Chernyaev was forced to retreat due to lack of equipment and a strong garrison at the enemy.{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=539}}
Second campaign
At the end of August, part of the Kokand forces withdrew from Shymkent, 10,000 remained there. Chernyaev did not waste time and, taking more artillery, moved towards the city. The city was considered impregnable, so the garrison also made regular sorties, knocking down the siege work.{{sfn|Terentyev|2022|p=315}}
On September 22, the city was stormed, which ended a few hours later, almost the entire garrison fell,{{sfn|Егоршина|2023|p=539}} while Russian losses amounted to 47 people wounded and killed.{{sfn|Terentyev|2022|p=316}}
Aftermath
The capture of Shymkent effectively deprived the Kokand people of the opportunity to win the war, despite limited success in defending Tashkent, their offensive actions ended after the defeat at Ican.
References
{{Reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite book |last=Terentyev |first=Mihail |lang=ru |script-title=ru:История завоевания Средней Азии |trans-title=The history of the conquest of Central Asia |others=Volume 1 |date=2022 |isbn=978-5-4481-1327-7}}
- {{cite book |last=Егоршина |first=Петрова |lang=ru |script-title=ru:История русской армии |trans-title=The history of the Russian Army |location=Moscow |publisher=Edition of the Russian Imperial Library |date=2023 |isbn=978-5-699-42397-2}}
- {{cite book |last=Kanesarin |first=Ahmet |lang=ru |script-title=ru:История Канесары Касымова и Садыка Канесарина |trans-title=The story of Kanesara Kasimov and Sadyk Kanesarin |date=2016 |place=Moscow |isbn= 978-5-85271-635-4 }}
- {{cite journal |lang=ru |website=Runivers |url=https://runivers.ru/bookreader/book420622/#page/56/mode/1up |script-title=ru:Хронологический указатель военных действий русской армии и флота. Том IV. 1855-1894 гг. |trans-title=Chronological index of military operations of the Russian army and Navy. Volume IV. 1855-1894. |date=1911 }}
Category:Russian conquest of Central Asia
Category:19th-century military history of the Russian Empire