Campos dos Goytacazes
{{Short description|Municipality in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil}}
{{Coord|21|45|14|S|41|19|26|W|scale:30000|display=title}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Campos dos Goytacazes
| settlement_type = Municipality
| official_name = Municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes
| nickname = "The Capital of Oil and Sugar"
| motto = Ipsae matronae hic pro jure pugnant (Latin for: "Even women here fight for the right")
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=300px|perrow=2/2/2|border=infobox
|image1 = Campos RJ.jpg
|image2 = CCT UENF.jpg
|image3 = Câmara de Vereadores de Campos dos Goytacazes.jpg
|image4 = Farol de São Thomé.jpg
|image5 = Aeroporto-lisandro.jpg
|image6 = La ciudad de Campos, Brasil - panoramio.jpg
}}
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = Bandeira de Campos dos Goytacazes.png
| image_shield = Brasão de Campos dos Goytacazes.png
| image_map = RiodeJaneiro Municip CamposdosGoytacazes.svg
| mapsize = 250px
| map_caption = Location in the state of Rio de Janeiro
| image_map1 =
| pushpin_map = Brazil
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1 = Southeast
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Wladimir Garotinho (UNIÃO)
| established_title = City status
| established_date = March 28, 1835
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 4032
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| population_as_of = 2022[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rj/campos-dos-goytacazes/panorama IBGE 2022]
| population_note =
| population_total = 483,540
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| timezone = BRT
| utc_offset = −3
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|21|45|14|S|41|19|26|W|region:BR|display=inline}}
| elevation_m = 14
| elevation_ft =
| area_code = +55 22
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = 28000-000
| blank_name = HDI (2010)
| blank_info = 0.716 – high{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.campos.rj.gov.br}}
| footnotes =
}}
Campos dos Goytacazes ({{IPA|pt|ˈkɐ̃puz duz ɡojtaˈkazis|}}) is a city located in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with a population of 483,540 inhabitants.
History
Colonization of the area started in the 16th century, and the village of São Salvador de Campos de Goytacazes was founded on May 29, 1677. On March 28, 1835, the village was promoted to city status.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campos was the see of Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer, nicknamed "The Lion of Campos", who was one of the bishops who opposed the Vatican II reforms and who teamed with Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre of Dakar to consecrate four independent bishops in Écône, Switzerland, in 1988. Nowadays there are in Campos two Roman Catholic jurisdictions: a Diocese, whose Bishop is Monsignor Roberto Gomes Guimarães and the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, whose Apostolic Administrator is Monsignor Fernando Areas Rifan.
Geography
=Location=
Campos dos Goytacazes has an area of {{convert|4,032|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, which makes it the largest municipality in the state by area, and its elevation is 14 m. Its name comes from the geographical characteristic of the region, very flat with fields (campos in Portuguese) and from the Goytacazes Indians, which inhabited the region. Campos, as the city is usually known, is a macro region of the Northern Fluminense, and is a micro region of Campos dos Goytacazes. The city has a tropical climate.
The municipality contains part of the {{convert|21444|ha}} Desengano State Park, created in 1970.{{citation|language=pt|ref={{harvid|Upam Desengano flagra corte de madeira nativa ... Inea}}|title=Upam Desengano flagra corte de madeira nativa em Santa Maria Madalena|date=14 October 2015|publisher=Inea: Instituto Estadual do Ambiente|url=http://200.20.53.3:8081/Portal/Noticias/INEA0110557|access-date=2017-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113150523/http://200.20.53.3:8081/Portal/Noticias/INEA0110557|archive-date=2017-01-13|url-status=dead}}
The city's distance to Rio de Janeiro city, which is the capital of the state, is {{convert|286|km|mi}}. BR-101 is the access highway of the city of Campos. Regular air services are operated from its airport Bartolomeu Lysandro. It is the easternmost municipality in Rio de Janeiro.
=Climate=
According to data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the lowest recorded temperature in Campos dos Goytacazes was {{convert|9.5|°C}} on 6 July 1942 and the highest was {{convert|41.6|°C}} on 31 October 2012. The most accumulated precipitation in the same period was {{convert|159.3|mm}} on 23 December 1955. Records equal or superior to {{convert|100|mm|abbr=on}} include:
- {{convert|149.7|mm|abbr=on}} on 2 November 1977,
- {{convert|146.6|mm|abbr=on}} on 18 November 2008,
- {{convert|133.8|mm|abbr=on}} on 14 November 2016,
- {{convert|117.8|mm|abbr=on}} on 20 November 1972,
- {{convert|111.4|mm|abbr=on}} on 24 November 1966,
- {{convert|108.6|mm|abbr=on}} on 6 March 1960,
- {{convert|107.8|mm|abbr=on}} on 27 November 1992,
- {{convert|107.3|mm|abbr=on}} on 11 November 1970,
- {{convert|105.4|mm|abbr=on}} on 12 December 2005,
- {{convert|103.3|mm|abbr=on}} on 23 February 1933,
- {{convert|102.8|mm|abbr=on}} on 28 November 2008 and
- {{convert|102|mm|abbr=on}} on 28 March 1966.{{cite web
| url=https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br/
| trans-title=
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| title=Banco de dados meteorológicos
| author=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET)
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| url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwM-LY650N0NRjNkR2V6YXF5bU0/view
| trans-title=
|url-status=
| title=Normais Climatológicas do Brasil (1931-1960)
| author=INMET
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| location=Rio de Janeiro
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| date=1979
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{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Campos dos Goytacazes (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1931–present)
| Jan record high C = 40.2
| Feb record high C = 40.8
| Mar record high C = 39.4
| Apr record high C = 39.2
| May record high C = 36.4
| Jun record high C = 35.2
| Jul record high C = 36.6
| Aug record high C = 38.0
| Sep record high C = 39.0
| Oct record high C = 41.6
| Nov record high C = 40.3
| Dec record high C = 40.8
| Jan record low C = 17.0
| Feb record low C = 15.3
| Mar record low C = 16.8
| Apr record low C = 10.7
| May record low C = 10.8
| Jun record low C = 10.4
| Jul record low C = 9.5
| Aug record low C = 10.3
| Sep record low C = 10.7
| Oct record low C = 11.5
| Nov record low C = 13.6
| Dec record low C = 16.0
|Jan high C = 32.3
|Feb high C = 33.4
|Mar high C = 32.6
|Apr high C = 31.0
|May high C = 28.7
|Jun high C = 28.0
|Jul high C = 27.5
|Aug high C = 27.9
|Sep high C = 28.2
|Oct high C = 29.2
|Nov high C = 29.7
|Dec high C = 31.6
| year high C = 30.0
|Jan mean C = 26.9
|Feb mean C = 27.5
|Mar mean C = 26.9
|Apr mean C = 25.6
|May mean C = 23.3
|Jun mean C = 22.2
|Jul mean C = 21.7
|Aug mean C = 22.1
|Sep mean C = 23.0
|Oct mean C = 24.2
|Nov mean C = 24.9
|Dec mean C = 26.3
| year mean C = 24.6
|Jan low C = 23.4
|Feb low C = 23.8
|Mar low C = 23.5
|Apr low C = 22.1
|May low C = 19.7
|Jun low C = 18.4
|Jul low C = 17.9
|Aug low C = 18.2
|Sep low C = 19.4
|Oct low C = 20.8
|Nov low C = 21.7
|Dec low C = 23.0
| year low C = 21.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 127.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 64.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 120.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 66.6
|May precipitation mm = 62.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 31.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 34.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 29.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 57.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 78.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 159.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 148.2
|year precipitation mm = 981.6
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8
| Feb precipitation days = 6
| Mar precipitation days = 9
| Apr precipitation days = 7
| May precipitation days = 6
| Jun precipitation days = 4
| Jul precipitation days = 5
| Aug precipitation days = 4
| Sep precipitation days = 6
| Oct precipitation days = 8
| Nov precipitation days = 11
| Dec precipitation days = 11
| year precipitation days = 85
|Jan humidity = 77.4
|Feb humidity = 74.9
|Mar humidity = 77.2
|Apr humidity = 77.9
|May humidity = 77.9
|Jun humidity = 78.3
|Jul humidity = 78
|Aug humidity = 75.4
|Sep humidity = 76.8
|Oct humidity = 76.8
|Nov humidity = 78.5
|Dec humidity = 78.5
|Jan sun = 205.1
|Feb sun = 207.2
|Mar sun = 185.1
|Apr sun = 184.6
|May sun = 184.3
|Jun sun = 174.2
|Jul sun = 191.7
|Aug sun = 181.4
|Sep sun = 128.5
|Oct sun = 133.4
|Nov sun = 145.1
|Dec sun = 157.6
|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (sun and humidity 1981–2010
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043914/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMAX.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043931/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMEDSECA.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Média Compensada Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044001/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-TMIN.xlsx
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal e Anual (°C)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043703/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PREC.xlsx
| title = Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324044003/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-PRENDIAS1.xlsx
| title = Número de dias no mês ou no ano com precipitação maior ou igual a (1 mm) (dias)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043838/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-UR.xlsx
| title = Umidade Relativa do Ar Compensada Mensal e Anual (%)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220324043829/https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| archive-date = 24 March 2022
| url = https://portal.inmet.gov.br/uploads/normais/Normal-Climatologica-INSO.xlsx
| title =Insolação Total (horas)
| work = Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1991-2020
| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
| language = pt
| access-date = 20 April 2024}}
}}
Economy
City's economy is based on oil extraction. The GDP for the city was R$17,283,381. (2016).
The per capita income for the city was R$35,475. (2016).{{cite book|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2005/tab01.pdf|title=per capita income|publisher=IBGE|location=Campos, Brazil|isbn=85-240-3919-1|access-date=2007-07-18|year=2005|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002024524/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2005/tab01.pdf|archive-date=2008-10-02|url-status=dead}}
Crime
Campos dos Goytacazes recorded 233 homicides in 2018 for a murder rate of 46 homicides per 100,000 people for the year. This makes Campos dos Goytacazes the most violent city in the southern half of Brazil.{{cite web|url=http://www.seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/seguridad/1567-estudio-las-50-ciudades-mas-violentas-del-mundo-2018|title=List of cities by murder rate|publisher=seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307171326/http://seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/seguridad/1567-estudio-las-50-ciudades-mas-violentas-del-mundo-2018|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=50 of the most dangerous cities in the world|url= https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/travel/news/2019/07/24/most-dangerous-cities-world-tijuana-caracas-cape-town/1813211001/|website=usatoday.com}}
Education
=Educational institutions=
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense;
- Universidade Cândido Mendes;
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro;
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20161014172429/http://www.fmc.br/ Faculdade de Medicina de Campos];
- [http://www.uniflu.edu.br/ Faculdade de Direito de Campos];
- [http://www.uniflu.edu.br/ Faculdade de Odontologia Campos];
- [http://www.iff.edu.br/ IF Fluminense (former CEFET Campos)];
- Universidade Federal Fluminense;
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20161028153009/https://www.universo.edu.br/portal/ Universidade Salgado de Oliveira];
- Universidade Estácio de Sá;
- [http://www.colegioefaculdadebatista.com.br/ Faculdade Batista Fluminense];
- [http://www.isecensa.edu.br/ Ise-Censa];
- [http://www.unigranrio.br/ Unigranrio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070907054745/http://www.unigranrio.br/ |date=2007-09-07 }};
Demographics
{{Historical populations|align=none
| title = Population Growth of Campos dos Goytacazes
| 1950 | 701342
| 1960 | 630054
| 1970 | 609248
| 1980 | 564329
| 1990 | 517300
| 2000 | 436008
| 2010 | 471737
| 2022 | 483540
}}
As of 2010, the population of Campos is 471,737, up from the 436,008 in 2000, but down from the 1990s, 1980s, 1970s, 1960s and 1950s. The city in the 1950s was the second largest of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The reasons behind these reductions are the "crash" that the economy of the town, based on oil, suffered in 1954, something similar that happened in Detroit with the auto industries. According to the 2010 census of IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), whites represent 47.6% of population, brown or mulatos 36.8% and black of African 14.6%. Other races represent 1.0% of the population.{{Cite web |title=CIDADES E ESTADOS DO BRASIL |url=https://cidades.ibge.gov.br |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=cidades.ibge.gov.br}}
File:Uenf entrada.jpg Entrance]]
Sports
There are at least four football clubs in the city, namely Americano, Campos, Goytacaz and Rio Branco. The derby between Americano and Goytacaz is known as Goyta-cano.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.campos.rj.gov.br Campos Prefecture Official Website]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050716081017/http://www.sspx.org/B_DeCastroMayer/bishop_antonio_de_castro_mayer.htm Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer]
{{Brazil topics}}
{{Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Campos Dos Goytacazes}}
Category:Populated coastal places in Rio de Janeiro (state)
Category:Populated places established in 1677