Canadian Centre for Architecture

{{short description|Architecture museum and research centre in Quebec, Canada}}

{{infobox museum

| name = Canadian Centre for Architecture

| native_name = Centre canadien d'architecture

| image = Canadian Centre for Architecture (aerial).jpg

| established = 1979

| location = 1920, rue Baile
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

| type = Architecture museum

| director = Giovanna Borasi

| curator =

| visitors = 67,666 (2011){{cite web|title=Base de données 2011 – Attraits/Attractions|url=http://www.octgm.com/toolkit/fr/statistiques/base.xls|publisher=Tourisme Montréal|access-date=24 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000413/http://www.octgm.com/toolkit/fr/statistiques/base.xls|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=dead}}

| publictransit = {{rint|montreal|metro}} {{rint|montreal|metro|1}} at Guy-Concordia station, {{rint|montreal|metro|2}} Georges-Vanier station

| map_type = Canada Montreal

| map_caption = Location of the centre in Montreal

| map_alt =

| coordinates = {{coord|45|29|27.6|N|73|34|42.8|W|region:CA-QC_type:landmark_scale:2500|display=inline,title}}

| website = {{URL|http://www.cca.qc.ca/|cca.qc.ca}}

}}

The Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA; {{langx|fr|Centre Canadien d'Architecture}}) is a museum of architecture and research centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1920, rue Baile (1920, Baile Street), between rue Fort (Fort Street) and rue Saint-Marc (Saint-Marc Street) in what was once part of the Golden Square Mile. Today, it is considered to be located in the Shaughnessy Village neighbourhood of the borough of Ville-Marie.{{cite web|title=Canadian Centre for Architecture/Centre Canadien d'Architecture|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-centre-for-architecturecentre-canadien-darchitecture|publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia / The Enclopaedia in Canada|access-date=22 July 2011|last=Wagg|first=Susan}}

Phyllis Lambert is the founding director emerita, Bruce Kuwabara is chair of the board of trustees, Giovanna Borasi is the director.{{cite news|title=Giovanna Borasi new director of CCA|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/art-and-architecture/article-the-canadian-centre-for-architectures-next-director-wants-to-bring/|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=11 November 2019|last=Bozikowivic|first=Alex|date=11 September 2019 }}

The CCA contains a large library and archives, and is host to various exhibits throughout the year. It is also home to a study centre open to the general public. The CCA provides educational programs and cultural activities.

The CCA was designed and built by Peter Rose. It has an architectural garden located on the southern side of René Lévesque Boulevard. The sculpture garden was designed by architect Melvin Charney.

History

The CCA was founded in 1979 by Montreal architect Phyllis Lambert. The purpose of the centre was to promote public awareness of the role architecture plays in society, as well as to encourage scholarly architectural research and to foster innovative design practices.{{cite web|title=Institutional Overview|url=http://www.cca.qc.ca/en/collection/294-institutional-overview|publisher=Canadian Centre for Architecture|access-date=16 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201201054/http://www.cca.qc.ca/en/collection/294-institutional-overview|archive-date=1 February 2012}}

The CCA was designed and constructed between 1985 and 1989 by Montreal architect Peter Rose. The design of the museum incorporates the Shaughnessy House mansion, built for Thomas Shaughnessy, a Second Empire-style mansion that Lambert purchased in 1974 to prevent its demolition.{{cite news|last=Klein|first=Julia M.|title=Joan of Architecture Speaks |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704407804575425913319466780|access-date=21 August 2010|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=19 August 2010}}

The CCA received the Honor Award for Architecture from the American Institute of Architects and the Governor General's Medals in Architecture in 1992.{{cite book|last=WAGG|first=SUSAN|title=Rose, Peter Douglas|publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009029|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608203457/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0009029|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 June 2011}}

Building

File:Centre canadien d'architecture 02.jpg

The current building, which opened in 1989, surrounds Shaughnessy House and was designed by Peter Rose, in collaboration with Phyllis Lambert and Erol Argun. The historic Shaughnessy House, located at 1923 Dorchester Street West (today René Lévesque Boulevard), was built in 1874 according to plans by William Tutin Thomas.{{cite book |title='Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates' |last=Pound |first=Richard W. |publisher=Fitzhenry and Whiteside |year=2005}} It is one of the few nineteenth-century mansions in Montreal that is accessible to the public.

The CCA building, with a surface area of roughly {{convert|12000|m2}}, is home to exhibit halls, the Paul Desmarais Theatre, a bookstore, the library, and a study centre in the Alcan Wing. It also contains restoration laboratories and conservation offices.{{cite web|title=CCA Building|url=http://www.cca.qc.ca/en/collection/336-cca-building|publisher=Canadian Centre for Architecture|access-date=16 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201201026/http://www.cca.qc.ca/en/collection/336-cca-building|archive-date=1 February 2012}} The work of conservation and restoration of Shaughnessy House, with a floor area of over {{convert|1900|m2}}, was carried out under the direction of Denis Saint-Louis. Also inside is the Devencore Conservatory and reception rooms.

Due to its size, location and use of traditional and modern materials, combining structural aluminum with grey Montreal limestone, the CCA building's architecture blends past and present. Its landscapes, including the CCA sculpture garden facing the building on the south side of René Lévesque Boulevard, were designed according to the ecology of each location. Most of the rooms at Shaughnessy House have been restored to their original 1874 state.

The "Van Horne / Shaughnessy House" was listed as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1973,{{cite web|title=Van Horne / Shaughnessy House|url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=663|work=Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada|publisher=Parks Canada|access-date=19 March 2019}} and as a Historical Monument of Quebec on 6 February 1974.

Collection and exhibits

The CCA has large collections of books and artifacts touching on the built environment and certain aspects of industrial design. Within the general collections it has special collections such as those pertaining to architectural games for children, universal exhibitions and their architecture, and significant architects including Ernest Cormier, Peter Eisenman, Arthur Erickson, John Hejduk, Cedric Price, Aldo Rossi, James Stirling, and the artist Gordon Matta-Clark.

The centre holds regular exhibitions made up of research on thematic subjects, different aspects of its collections, and hosts touring exhibits from other museums. The centre offers tours adapted to specific groups and educational programs for children. It also has a bookstore, a concert hall, and gardens. The sculpture garden which lies across René Lévesque Boulevard offers a full scale ghost-like lower shell of the bottom part of the Shaughnessy mansion, and assorted modernistic sculptures or constructs which are developed around the theme of architecture.

The centre's study room is open to the public by appointment. [https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/38252/collection-access-and-use-faq] It celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2009.{{cite news|url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/arts-spectacles/PlusArts/2009/01/30/001-lambert-cca.asp|title=Où futur et passé s'embrassent|date=30 January 2009|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|language=fr|access-date=31 January 2009}}

Lectures series

Over the years, CCA has organized a variety of lectures and presentations,[https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/past List of CCA's past lectures and events] for example by Evgeny Morozov and Johannes Grenzfurthner.

Sculpture garden

File:Melvin Charney Jardin de sculptures.jpg's sculpture garden, in front of the CCA]]

Image:Ville-souterraine-2.jpg]]

The mansion faces a sculpture garden by Melvin Charney on the south side of René Lévesque Boulevard. Located in between René-Lévesque Boulevard and the Ville-Marie Expressway, it is a park, Esplanade Ernest Cormier, in an area of heavy traffic and is at the edge of a cliff. The park contains a set of sculptures that depict aspects of architecture, and include a reproduction of the base of the facade and size of Shaughnessy House. The vegetation is mixed with sections of open walls. Architectural fixtures and furniture items are placed on pedestals.