Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

{{Short description|Administrative tribunal in Canada}}

{{Infobox court

| court_name = Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

| native_name = Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne

| image =Canadian Human Rights Tribunal Logo.svg

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| established = 1977

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| type = Appointment by the Governor in Council on the recommendation of the minister of justice and attorney general

| authority = Parliament of Canada via the Canadian Human Rights Act

| appealsto = Federal Court

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| positions = 15

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| chiefjudgetitle = Chairperson

| chiefjudgename = Jennifer Khurana

| termstart = 2021

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The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ({{langx|fr|Tribunal canadien des droits de la personne|link=no}}) is an administrative tribunal established in 1977 through the Canadian Human Rights Act. It is directly funded by the Parliament of Canada and is independent of the Canadian Human Rights Commission which refers cases to it for adjudication under the act.

The tribunal holds hearings to investigate complaints of discriminatory practices and may order a respondent to a complaint to cease a practice, as well as order a respondent to pay compensation to the complainant.{{Cite canlaw|short title =Canadian Human Rights Act|abbr =RSC|year =1985|chapter =H-6.|section =|subsection =|part =|division =|schedule =|link =https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/h-6/|linkloc =Justice Canada Laws Website|wikilink =|type =|amended1 =|amended2=|amended3 =|amended4 =|amended5 =|regtitle =|regnumber =}}

Decisions of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal are reviewable by Canada's Federal Court. Federal Court decisions can then be appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court of Canada. The Federal Court can also issue and enforce decisions made by the tribunal if violations continue and imprison an offender for contempt of court if a decision continues to be disregarded. This has happened in the cases of John Ross Taylor in 1981 and Tomasz Winnicki in 2006.

Justice Anne Mactavish was appointed Chair of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal in 1998.{{Cite web|title=The Honourable Anne L. Mactavish|url=http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/fc_cf_en/Mactavish|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719031016/http://cas-ncr-nter03.cas-satj.gc.ca/portal/page/portal/fc_cf_en/Mactavish|archive-date=2011-07-19|access-date=2021-06-10}} On November 9, 2003, J. Grant Sinclair succeeded Mactavish as the Chair of the Tribunal. On September 10, 2009, Shirish P. Chotalia was appointed as his successor and served to 2012. Chotalia implemented Access to Justice through customized hearing procedures focussed on restorative justice; parties reported 94 per cent satisfaction.{{Cite web|title=Access to Justice for Canadians—Customized Procedures|url=http://www.chotaliahumanrights.com/uploads/1/6/6/3/16637956/chrt_ar11_en_web.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709203621/http://www.chotaliahumanrights.com/uploads/1/6/6/3/16637956/chrt_ar11_en_web.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-09 }} On September 2, 2014, David L. Thomas was appointed the Chair of the Tribunal for a seven-year term.

Previously its Vice-Chairperson, Jennifer Khurana was the Tribunal's acting Chairperson from September 2, 2021 until March 24, 2022.{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Orders In Council - Search |url=https://orders-in-council.canada.ca/attachment.php?attach=41805&lang=en |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=orders-in-council.canada.ca |language=en}} On March 25, 2022, Khurana was appointed the Tribunal's Chairperson for a seven-year term.

In June 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada found that the tribunal's determination that the Indian Act did not violate the Canadian Human Rights Act was reasonable due to judicial deference.{{Bluebook journal|first=|last=Note|title=Recent Case: Supreme Court of Canada Clarifies Standard of Review Framework|volume=132|journal=Harv. L. Rev.|page=1772|url=https://harvardlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/1772-1779_Online.pdf|year=2019}}