Canarium australianum
{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Scrub turpentine
|image = Canarium australianum fruit Kewarra 4240.jpg
|image_caption = Fruit and foliage
|status = LC
|status_system = QLDNCA
|status_ref = {{R|DESQLD}}
|genus = Canarium
|species = australianum
|authority = F.Muell.{{R|APNI|POWO}}
|range_map =
|synonyms = *Sonzaya australiana {{small|(F.Muell.) Marchand}}
|synonyms_ref = {{R|APNI|POWO}}
}}
Canarium australianum, commonly known as scrub turpentine, is a species of tree in the family Burseraceae native to Australia and Papua New Guinea. Other common names include mango bark, carrot wood, parsnip wood, Melville Island white beech and brown cudgerie.
Description
Canarium australianum is a tree growing up to {{cvt|30|m}} tall. The trunk has a rough grey bark and it may be buttressed. The large compound leaves can reach {{cvt|37|cm}} in length with between 7 and 15 leaflets that usually measure about {{cvt|14|by|5|cm}}, sometimes larger. The leaflets are normally {{botanygloss|glabrous}}; the midrib and lateral veins are raised on the upper surface, and have a distinctive pale yellow colour.{{R|FOA|RFK|COOPER2}}
The inflorescences are panicles about {{cvt|25-30|cm}} long produced from the {{botanygloss|axil|leaf axils}}. Flowers are fragrant and have 3 pale green or cream petals measuring about {{cvt|4-6|mm|2}} long. This species is dioecious, meaning that {{botanygloss|pistillate flower|pistillate}} (functionally female) and {{botanygloss|staminate flower|staminate}} (functionally male) flowers are borne on separate plants.{{R|FOA|RFK|COOPER2}}
The fruit is a dark blue or grey, ovoid drupe measuring {{cvt|2-3|cm}} long and containing a single seed.{{R|FOA|RFK|COOPER2}}
Taxonomy
This species was first described by the Victorian state botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, based on material supplied to him from the Burdekin River by Eugene Fitzalan, and by Mr Henne who collected specimens from Sweers and Bentinck Islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria. It was published in Mueller's book Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ in 1862.{{R|FRAGM}}
=Subspecies=
Three varieties are recognised:{{R|POWO}}
- C. australianum var. australianum F.Muell.
- C. australianum var. glabrum Leenh. — styptic tree, jalgir (Bardi language) — type specimen from Bickerton Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria{{R|APNI2}}
- C. australianum var. velutinum Hewson —jalgir (Bardi language) — type specimen from Cape Domett, north of Kununurra, Western Australia{{R|APNI3}}
Distribution and habitat
The scrub turpentine is widely distributed across northern Australia from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, through the Northern Territory to eastern Queensland, where it is found from the Torres Strait Islands southwards almost as far as Mackay.{{R|AVH}} It also occurs in New Guinea.{{R|RFK|FOA}} It inhabits rainforest, monsoon forest and open forests at altitudes from near sea level to about {{cvt|700|m}}.{{R|RFK|COOPER2|FOA}}
All three varieties are found in Australia, while only the varieties C.a. australianum and C.a. glabrum occur in New Guinea.{{R|FOA|MALESIANA}}
Gallery
File:Canarium-australianum-SF22190-03.jpg|Seedling
File:Canarium-australianum-SF24117-02.jpg|Young sapling
File:Canarium-australianum-SF24117-05.jpg|Tree in Cairns Botanic Gardens
File:Canarium-australianum-SF24117-06.jpg|Foliage
File:Canarium-australianum-SF24117-09.jpg|Trunk
References
{{Reflist|28em|refs=
{{cite web |url=https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=17716 |title=Species profile—Canarium australianum |year=2022 |website=Queensland Department of Environment and Science |publisher=Queensland Government |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/105046 |title=Canarium australianum |website=Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |access-date=3 June 2021 |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Canarium_australianum.htm |title=Canarium australianum |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}
{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127280-1 |title=Canarium australianum F.Muell. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2024 |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/105063 |title=Canarium australianum var. glabrum |website=Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/105072 |title=Canarium australianum var. velutinum |website=Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Canarium%20australianum |title=Canarium australianum |last1=Hewson |first1=H.J. |year=2022 |editor-last1=Kodela |editor-first1=P.G. |website=Flora of Australia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra |access-date=26 April 2024}}
{{cite web |title=Search: species: Canarium australianum {{!}} Occurrence records |url=https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Canarium%20australianum#tab_mapView |website=Australasian Virtual Herbarium |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=26 April 2024}}
}}
External links
{{Commons-cat}}
- [http://webapps.townsville.qld.gov.au/nad/_PlantDisplay.asp?pspecies=Canarium%20australianum&sTitle=Vegetation Information about Canarium australianum] from Townsville City Council's Natural Assets Database
- [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Canarium+australiananum#tab_mapView View a map] of herbarium records of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?subview=map&taxon_id=369286 View observations] of this species on iNaturalist
- [https://flickriver.com/search/Canarium+australianum See images] of this species on Flickriver.com
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5031157}}
Category:Sapindales of Australia
Category:Rosids of Western Australia
Category:Flora of the Northern Territory