Canyon Diablo (meteorite)

The impactor fell about 50,000 years ago.{{cite journal |last=Roddy |first=D. J. |author2=E. M. Shoemaker |year=1995 |title=Meteor Crater (Barringer Meteorite Crater), Arizona: summary of impact conditions |journal=Meteoritics |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=567|bibcode=1995Metic..30Q.567R }} Initially known and used by pre-historic Native Americans, Canyon Diablo meteorites have been collected and studied by the scientific community since the 19th century. Meteor Crater, from the late 19th to the early 20th century, was the center of a long dispute over the origin of craters that showed little evidence of volcanism. That debate was largely settled by the early 1930s, thanks to work by Daniel M. Barringer, F.R. Moulton, and Harvey Harlow Nininger.Barringer, D.M. (1906). "Coon Mountain and its Crater." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 57:861–886. [http://www.pdf-archive.com/2012/07/01/coon-mountain-and-its-crater-barringer-1906/coon-mountain-and-its-crater-barringer-1906.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035952/http://www.pdf-archive.com/2012/07/01/coon-mountain-and-its-crater-barringer-1906/coon-mountain-and-its-crater-barringer-1906.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}{{cite book|last=Moulton|first=F. R.|title=Report on the Meteor Crater – I|date=August 24, 1929|publisher=Barringer Crater Company|location=Philadelphia}}{{cite book|last=Moulton|first=F. R.|title=Report on the Meteor Crater – II|date=November 20, 1929|publisher=Barringer Crater Company|location=Philadelphia}}{{cite journal|last1= Crowson|first1= Henry L.|date= 1971|title=A method for determining the residual meteoritical mass in the Barringer Meteor Crater|journal= Pure and Applied Geophysics|volume= 85|issue= 1|pages= 38–68|doi= 10.1007/bf00875398|bibcode= 1971PApGe..85...38C|s2cid= 140725009}}{{cite journal| author=Artemieva N.|author-link=Natalia Artemieva| author2=Pierazzo E| title=The Canyon Diablo impact event: Projectile motion through the atmosphere | journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science | volume=44 | issue=1 | date=2010 | pages=25–42 | doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00715.x | doi-access=free }}{{Cite book|last=Nininger|first=Harvey Harlow|title=Arizona's Meteorite Crater|publisher=American Meteorite Laboratory|year=1956|isbn=978-0910096027|location=Sedona, Arizona}}{{cite book |last1=Levy |first1=David |title=Shoemaker by Levy: The man who made an impact |date=2002 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=9780691113258 |pages=69, 73–75, 81–83}}

In 1953, Clair Cameron Patterson measured ratios of the lead isotopes in samples of the meteorite. Through U-Pb radiometric dating, a refined estimate of the age of the Earth was obtained: 4.550 billion years (± 70 million years).{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/0016-7037(56)90036-9 | author=Patterson, C. | title=Age of Meteorites and the Earth | journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta | volume=10 | pages=230–237 | year=1956| issue=4 |bibcode = 1956GeCoA..10..230P }}

This meteorite is an iron octahedrite (coarse octahedrite).

Minerals reported from the meteorite include:

• Cohenite – iron carbide
• Chromite – iron magnesium chromium oxide
• Daubréelite – iron(II) chromium sulfide
• Diamond and lonsdaleite – carbon
• Graphite – carbon
• Haxonite – iron nickel carbide
• Kamacite iron nickel alloy – the most common component.
• Base metal sulfides
• Schreibersite – iron nickel phosphide
• Taenite – iron nickel alloy
• Troilite – a variety of the iron sulfide mineral pyrrhotite. The troilite in this sample is used as the standard reference for sulfur isotope ratios.
• Moissanite – a variety of silicon carbide, the second hardest natural mineral.

Samples may contain troilite-graphite nodules with metal veins and small diamonds.

Image:Holsinger Meteorite.jpg File:Meteorite fragment from the Cañon Diablo Meteorite.jpg

The biggest fragment ever found is the Holsinger Meteorite, weighing {{convert|639|kg}}, now on display in the Meteor Crater Visitor Center on the rim of the crater. Other famous fragments:

• {{convert|485|kg}}, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand. The largest fragment outside the United States.{{Cite web|url=https://ehive.com/collections/3003/objects/63/canyon-diablo-meteorite|title=Canyon Diablo Meteorite; MET16 on eHive|website=eHive|access-date=2024-05-17|archive-date=2021-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222195736/https://ehive.com/collections/3003/objects/63/canyon-diablo-meteorite|url-status=live}}
• :File:Météorite Canyon Diablo.JPG, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.
• {{convert|283.5|kg}}, Archenhold Observatory, Berlin, Germany.{{Cite web |url=https://www.planetarium.berlin/en/exhibitions/celestial-museum-astw |title=Archenhold Observatory homepage |access-date=2024-02-22 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222174959/https://www.planetarium.berlin/en/exhibitions/celestial-museum-astw |url-status=live }}
• :File:Canyon Diablo meteorite.jpg, Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.{{Cite web|url=https://azdailysun.com/news/meteorite-moves-to-flag/article_bbc02e8e-e540-5855-85b9-910b842d0ba0.html|title=Meteorite moves to Flag|first=Larry |last=Henricks |date=June 7, 2009|website=Arizona Daily Sun|access-date=May 17, 2024|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406144227/https://azdailysun.com/news/meteorite-moves-to-flag/article_bbc02e8e-e540-5855-85b9-910b842d0ba0.html|url-status=live}}
• [http://www.musee.mines-paristech.fr/Our-Collections/Exhibits/Meteorites/CanyonDiablo/ {{convert|226.8|kg}}, MINES ParisTech Mineralogy Museum], Paris School of Mines, France.
• {{convert|225.9|kg}}, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• {{convert|194|kg}}, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin.
• {{convert|179|kg}}, Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California.
• {{convert|169|kg}}, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut.{{Cite web|url=https://www.adirondackskycenter.org/news-blogs/Astro-Quiz-43-Meteoroid;|title=Adirondack Sky Center Meteoroids}}{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.blogs.wesleyan.edu/2019/12/03/when-worlds-collide-collaboration-and-coincidence-in-a-mystery-from-the-skies/|title=When Worlds Collide: Collaboration and Coincidence in a Mystery from the Skies|first=|last=|date=December 3, 2019|access-date=October 15, 2021|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020100309/https://magazine.blogs.wesleyan.edu/2019/12/03/when-worlds-collide-collaboration-and-coincidence-in-a-mystery-from-the-skies/|url-status=live}}
• :File:Clark Iron (Fragment of Canyon Diablo) in the UCLA meteorite museum.jpg, "Clark Iron," Meteorite Gallery, University of California, Los Angeles.{{Cite web|url=http://today.ucla.edu/portal/ut/meteor-museum-246085.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608104537/http://today.ucla.edu/portal/ut/meteor-museum-246085.aspx|url-status=dead|title=UCLA's new Meteorite Museum rocks|archivedate=June 8, 2013}}
• {{convert|145|kg}}, Geology Museum, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
• :File:Touching meteorites.jpg, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.{{Cite web|url=http://www.crunchgear.com/2008/02/10/meteorite-chunk-about-300-pounds-5-billion-years-old/|title=CrunchGear » Archive » Meteorite chunk about 300 pounds, 5 billion years old|date=February 13, 2008|access-date=June 29, 2021|archive-date=February 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213212904/http://www.crunchgear.com/2008/02/10/meteorite-chunk-about-300-pounds-5-billion-years-old/|url-status=bot: unknown}}
• :File:Barringer Iron Meteorite.JPG, Griffith Observatory, Los Angeles, California. Fragment loaned by the Geology Department of Pomona College.
• :File:Canyon Diablo meteorite 221 pounds.jpg, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.
• {{convert|82|kg}}, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas.
• {{convert|54|kg}}, Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey.
• c:File:Stanford University Canyon Diablo Meteorite.jpg, Branner Library, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
• {{convert|28|kg}}, Peoria Riverfront Museum, Dome Planetarium, Peoria, Illinois.
• {{convert|22|kg}}, Basket Meteorite, Meteor Crater Museum, Arizona.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/41069052.html|title=Rummager's galactic find turns out to be stolen meteorite|access-date=2010-10-04|archive-date=2014-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427202117/http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/41069052.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.azcentral.com/offbeat/articles/2009/03/24/20090324meteorfound0324.html|title=Long-lost meteorite comes home to Arizona}}
• {{convert|19|kg}}, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia.
• {{convert|266|g}}, Laurence Edward Oram, Phoenix, Arizona
• 82 grams (2.8 oz), Peter H. D. McKee, Seattle, Washington
• {{convert|69.2|g}}, Robert Tullman, St. Petersburg, Florida.

• Glossary of meteoritics
• δ ³⁴S
• Reference materials for stable isotope analysis

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|Canyon Diablo (meteorite)}}

• [http://www.mindat.org/loc-3317.html Mindat.org]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20000530083410/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news031.html NASA research note]

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Category:Meteorites found in the United States

Category:Geology of Arizona

Category:Meteorite falls

no:Canyon Diablo