Cape Borda
{{about|the headland in South Australia|the associated locality|Cape Borda, South Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = other
| name = Cape Borda
| state = SA
| image = Cape Borda Lighthouse.jpg
| caption = Cape Borda Lighthouse
| elevation = 61
| elevation_footnotes = {{cite enroute|175|2017|212}}
| coordinates = {{coord|35|44|57.2274|S|136|35|15.612|E|display=inline,title}}
| dist1 = 70
| dir1 = west
| location1 =Kingscote
}}
Cape Borda is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located in the gazetted locality of Cape Borda on the north west tip of Kangaroo Island about {{convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the municipal seat of Kingscote. It was named after Jean-Charles de Borda (1733–1799), the French mathematician, physicist, naturalist and sailor, by the Baudin expedition to Australia during January 1803. It has been the site of an operating lighthouse since 1858 and is currently located within the Flinders Chase National Park.
Description
Cape Borda is located in the gazetted locality of Cape Borda about {{convert|70|km|abbr=off}} west of Kingscote. It is the most north westerly point of the Kangaroo Island coast.{{cite web|title=Search result for "Cape Borda (Locality Bounded)" (Record no SA0050434 ) with the following layers being selected - "Suburbs and Localities", "Local Government Areas" and "Hundreds"|url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#|publisher=Government of South Australia|accessdate=8 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/|archive-date=12 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} It is the termination for a pair of coastlines – the western coastline extending from Cape du Couedic in the south and the northern coastline extending from Point Marsden in the east. It is described as ‘a bold cliffy headland, {{convert|61|m|abbr=off}} high’ with ‘the upper half of the cliff is formed of white limestone, and the lower half is very dark volcanic rock’ and that ‘the hills at the cape rise to a height of more than {{convert|152|m|abbr=off}} and are covered with small scrub.’{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors | title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia | pages= Charts 14 & 22|isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2 }}
Formation, geology & oceanography
Cape Borda was formed when the sea reached its present level 7,500 years ago after sea levels started to rise at the start of the Holocene.{{cite book|title=A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990|publisher=Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia|location=Adelaide, SA|isbn=0 7308 5862 6 |pages=26|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/fb13b9bf-5c8e-445c-9c3c-a1c600c14815/ki-biological-survey-climate-geology-landuse-gen.pdf|editor1=Robinson, A. C. |editor2=Armstrong, D. M. |accessdate=1 May 2014}}
The cliff line which includes Cape Borda consists of base strata of a metasandstone belonging to the Kanmantoo group bedrock such as Middleton Sandstone and Balquhidder Formation, overlaid by a relatively thick capping of Bridgewater Formation calcarenite rock.{{cite journal | last = Fairclough | first = Martin C | title = KINGSCOTE Special 1:250 000 geological map | journal = MESA Journal | volume = 47 | pages = 28–31 | publisher = Government of South Australia, DMITRE | date = December 2007 | url = https://sarigbasis.pir.sa.gov.au/WebtopEw/ws/samref/gui/image/DDD/MESAJ047.pdf. | issn = 1326-3544 | accessdate = 18 May 2014}}
The water adjoining the cliff face at Cape Borda drops to depths ranging between {{convert|20|m|abbr=off}} to {{convert|30|m|abbr=off}}.
History
= Aboriginal use =
By 1999, the literature had not cited any archaeological discoveries specific to Aboriginal use of land in the immediate vicinity of Cape Borda.{{cite book|title=A Biological Survey of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, 1989 & 1990|publisher=Heritage and Biodiversity Section, Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs, South Australia|location=Adelaide, SA|isbn=0 7308 5862 6|pages=34–35|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/fb13b9bf-5c8e-445c-9c3c-a1c600c14815/ki-biological-survey-climate-geology-landuse-gen.pdf|editor1=Robinson, A. C. |editor2=Armstrong, D. M. |accessdate=1 May 2014}}
= European discovery =
Cape Borda was named in January 1803 by the Baudin expedition of 1800-03 in the memory of Jean-Charles de Borda (1733–1799), the French mathematician, physicist, naturalist and sailor.{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=A. C.|title=South Australia's offshore islands|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf|publisher=Australian Heritage Commission|accessdate=13 December 2013 |author2=Canty, P. |author3=Mooney, T. |author4=Rudduck, P.|pages=119|year=1996}}{{quote request|date=June 2014}}
Navigation aid
{{further|Cape Borda Lightstation}}
The lighthouse at Cape Borda was the third of three provided for by legislation; the others being erected at Cape Willoughby and Troubridge Shoals (now called Troubridge Island). The light was officially lit on 13 July 1858 and was named the ‘Flinders Light’ in August 1858 in memory of Matthew Flinders.{{cite web|title=SIR H. E. F. YOUNG.|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8778677|publisher=Colonial Times|accessdate=24 June 2014|page=2|date=4 January 1855}}{{cite web|title=Cape Borda Lighthouse, Kangaroo Island – Notice to Mariners|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article7298011|publisher=The Argus|accessdate=24 June 2014|page=4|date=23 July 1858}}{{cite web|title=Cape Borda Lighthouse|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49781450|publisher=South Australian Register|accessdate=24 June 2014|page=3|date=30 July 1858}}
Fauna
The coast near the Cape Borda lighthouse previously supported colonies of little penguins[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4973685 "The Ornithologists' Camp. Interesting and successful research."] The Advertiser, South Australia (1905-10-25). Retrieved 2014-03-12. which are now believed to be extinct. Causes for local extinction are likely to include (but not be limited to) predation by increasing New Zealand fur seal populations and changes in prey availability.Wiebkin, A. S. (2011) [http://www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/Portals/2/Coast/Reports/FINAL%20for%20web%20-%20penguin%20report%2013-9-11.pdf Conservation management priorities for little penguin populations in Gulf St Vincent. Report to Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222182949/http://www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au/Portals/2/Coast/Reports/FINAL%20for%20web%20-%20penguin%20report%2013-9-11.pdf |date=22 February 2014 }} South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000188-1. SARDI Research Report Series No.588. 97pp.
Protected area status
Cape Borda is currently located within the protected area known as the Flinders Chase National Park.{{cite web|title= Flinders Chase National Park, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/937b2d35-3d3e-41f0-9e9e-9e4f00b1a9a9/PARKS_PDFS_KI_MISC_MP.pdf |publisher= Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs |accessdate=1 May 2014|pages=5|year=1999}} As of 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are part of a sanctuary zone located within the boundaries of the Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park.{{cite web|title= Western Kangaroo Island Park Management plan summary|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5531fc53-c6cf-4f8c-b518-a11700a1d969/mp-gen-16westernkangarooisland-managementplan.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=23 June 2014|page=27 of 29}}
Climate
{{Weather box
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| location = Cape Borda (143m ASL)
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| Jan record high C = 39.0
| Feb record high C = 37.9
| Mar record high C = 34.0
| Apr record high C = 29.2
| May record high C = 24.8
| Jun record high C = 20.4
| Jul record high C = 20.0
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| Sep record high C = 26.5
| Oct record high C = 32.6
| Nov record high C = 34.4
| Dec record high C = 37.0
| year record high C = 39.0
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| Jan high C = 23.0
| Feb high C = 23.3
| Mar high C = 21.3
| Apr high C = 18.7
| May high C = 16.4
| Jun high C = 14.6
| Jul high C = 13.9
| Aug high C = 14.0
| Sep high C = 15.1
| Oct high C = 16.9
| Nov high C = 19.4
| Dec high C = 21.2
| year high C = 18.2
| Jan mean C = 18.4
| Feb mean C = 18.8
| Mar mean C = 17.5
| Apr mean C = 15.6
| May mean C = 13.8
| Jun mean C = 12.2
| Jul mean C = 11.5
| Aug mean C = 11.5
| Sep mean C = 12.2
| Oct mean C = 13.5
| Nov mean C = 15.3
| Dec mean C = 16.9
| year mean C = 14.8
| Jan low C = 13.8
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Mar low C = 13.6
| Apr low C = 12.4
| May low C = 11.2
| Jun low C = 9.8
| Jul low C = 9.1
| Aug low C = 8.9
| Sep low C = 9.3
| Oct low C = 10.0
| Nov low C = 11.2
| Dec low C = 12.5
| year low C = 11.3
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| Jan record low C = 6.1
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| Apr record low C = 6.7
| May record low C = 3.3
| Jun record low C = 1.8
| Jul record low C = 2.2
| Aug record low C = 2.2
| Sep record low C = 2.8
| Oct record low C = 3.3
| Nov record low C = 4.1
| Dec record low C = 6.0
| year record low C = 1.8
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| Jan rain mm = 15.4
| Feb rain mm = 16.9
| Mar rain mm = 23.7
| Apr rain mm = 45.2
| May rain mm = 79.0
| Jun rain mm = 106.4
| Jul rain mm = 104.2
| Aug rain mm = 86.5
| Sep rain mm = 55.3
| Oct rain mm = 41.7
| Nov rain mm = 26.1
| Dec rain mm = 21.0
| year rain mm = 625.9
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| Jan rain days = 5.4
| Feb rain days = 5.0
| Mar rain days = 7.5
| Apr rain days = 11.9
| May rain days = 17.1
| Jun rain days = 19.6
| Jul rain days = 21.2
| Aug rain days = 19.8
| Sep rain days = 16.0
| Oct rain days = 12.8
| Nov rain days = 8.7
| Dec rain days = 7.5
| year rain days = 152.5
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| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 55
| Mar humidity = 59
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| May humidity = 71
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| year humidity = 64
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See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/Find_a_Park/Browse_by_region/Kangaroo_Island/Cape_Borda_Lightstation Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources official page for Cape Borda Lightstation]
- {{cite rowlett|sa}}
{{Kangaroo Island}}
{{AusplacesnamedbyFrench |state=collapsed}}