Cape Wolstenholme
{{Short description|Cape and northernmost point in Quebec, Canada}}
{{Infobox landform
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| name = Cape Wolstenholme
| other_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{lang|iu|Anaulirvik}}|{{lang|fr|cap Wolstenholme}}}}
| type = Cape
| photo =Digges Sound.png
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| photo_caption = Location of Cape Wolstenholme (4) and Erik Cove (6). Click on image for full legend.
| map = Canada Quebec
| relief = 1
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| map_caption = Location in Quebec
| location = Nunavik, Quebec, Canada
| coordinates = {{coord|62|34|50|N|77|30|35|W|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = {{cite web|url= http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=179337 |title= Cap Wolstenholme|work= Banque de noms de lieux du Québec|publisher= Commission de toponymie du Québec|language=French|date= 1986-12-18|access-date= 2018-09-03}}{{cite cgndb|id= EMANN|title= Cape Wolstenholme|accessdate=2018-09-03}}
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Cape Wolstenholme ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|oʊ|s|t|ə|n|h|oʊ|m}};{{Citation| author = The Canadian Press| author-link = The Canadian Press| title = The Canadian Press Stylebook| place = Toronto| publisher = The Canadian Press| edition = 18th| year = 2017}} {{langx|fr|cap Wolstenholme}}; {{langx|iu|Anaulirvik}}{{cite book|last= Issenman|first= Betty Kobayashi|title= Sinews of Survival: The living legacy of Inuit clothing|publisher= UBC Press|date= 1997|pages= 252–254|isbn= 9780774805964 |oclc= 231772119}} Also {{ISBN|9780774805995}}.) is a cape and is the extreme northernmost point of the province of Quebec, Canada.{{cite web|url= http://atlas.gc.ca/toporama/en/index.html |title= Toporama (on-line map and search)|work= Atlas of Canada|publisher= Natural Resources Canada|access-date= 2018-09-03}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/parcs/projets/Cap-Wolstenholme_en.htm |title=Parc national du Cap-Wolstenholme project |accessdate=2009-01-03 |publisher=Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs Québec |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616022739/http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/parcs/projets/Cap-Wolstenholme_en.htm |archivedate=2011-06-16 }} Located on the Hudson Strait, about {{convert|28|km|mi}} north-east of Quebec's northernmost settlement of Ivujivik, it is also the northernmost tip of the Ungava Peninsula, which is in turn the northernmost part of the Labrador Peninsula.
Its {{convert|300|m|ft}} high rocky cliffs dominate the surroundings and mark the entrance to the Digges Sound. Here the strong currents from Hudson Bay and the Hudson Strait clash, sometimes even crushing trapped animals between the ice floes.{{cite web |url=http://www.nunavik-tourism.com/Ivujivik.aspx |title=Ivujivik |publisher=Nunavik Tourism Association |accessdate=2009-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522023046/http://www.nunavik-tourism.com/Ivujivik.aspx |archive-date=2015-05-22 |url-status=dead }}
The cape is the nesting place of one of the world's largest colonies of thick-billed murre.
In the early 2010s, a {{convert|1263|km2|sqmi}} area alongside the Hudson Strait and including the cape itself was a national park reserve, called Cap-Wolstenholme National Park, with the intention of becoming a full national park of Quebec. The area was later reduced to {{convert|777.5|km2}}, renamed to Iluiliq National Park Reserve, and no longer includes Cape Wolstenholme.{{cite web |title=Projets de création de parcs nationaux en cours |url=https://www.quebec.ca/agriculture-environnement-et-ressources-naturelles/protection-de-lenvironnement/reseau-parcs-nationaux/creation-modification/projets-creation-en-cours#c233012 |website=www.quebec.ca |publisher=Gouvernement du Québec |access-date=30 October 2023 |date=2023}}
History
On Henry Hudson's last mission in 1610, he mapped the coast and named the cape "Wolstenholme" to honour Sir John Wolstenholme (1562-1639), an English merchant who sponsored the expedition and was interested in finding the Northwest Passage. Shortly after, mutineers from Hudson's expedition clashed with local Inuit on nearby Digges Islands, the second recorded encounter between Europeans and Inuit. (The first was in 1606 when the expedition of John Knight came under attack on the coast of northern Labrador. Knight and three others from the crew of the Hopedale disappeared after going ashore in a boat. The remaining eight crew members waited for Knight and his party, but the following day came under attack by a large number of hostile natives. They managed to drive off the natives and eventually found their way to the safety of open water off the coast.){{cite book|last= Miller|first= Francis Trevelyan|date= 1930|title= The fight to conquer the ends of the earth; the world's great adventure; 1000 years of polar exploration including the heroic achievements of Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd|url= https://archive.org/details/fighttoconqueren00mill|location= Chicago, Philadelphia|publisher= The John C. Winston Company|pages= [https://archive.org/details/fighttoconqueren00mill/page/108 108-111]|oclc= 4108929}} In 1697, Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and his crew, in search of commercial opportunities in Hudson Bay, conducted the first commercial trades with Inuit at Cape Wolstenholme.
File:Cap Wolstenholme 1925.jpg
In 1909, the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post called Wolstenholme in Erik Cove ({{coord|62|32|00|N|77|24|00|W|display=inline}}), a small bay just east of the cape. Its first factor was Ralph Parsons who was to develop the Arctic fox fur trade by establishing new relationships with the Inuit, who already hunted the fox. No Inuit visited or traded at the post for 2 years but eventually it turned profitable {{cite web |url=http://www.hbc.com/hbcheritage/history/people/associates/article.asp?article=29 |title=HBC Heritage - Our History: People |publisher=Hudson's Bay Company (Hbc) |accessdate=2009-01-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214001612/http://hbc.com/hbcheritage/history/people/associates/article.asp?article=29 |archivedate=2009-02-14 }} and operated until 1947.{{cite web|url= http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=137681 |title= Ivujivik|work= Banque de noms de lieux du Québec|publisher= Commission de toponymie du Québec|language=French|date= 1986-09-01|access-date= 2018-09-03}} Remnants of the post can still be found here.
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=Alternate names and spellings=
In 1744, cartographer Jacques-Nicolas Bellin named it Cap Saint-Louis. Thereafter, the two names continued to identify this cape until Wolstenholme became official in 1968.
"C Walsingam" is on the 1606 map Septentrio Americaby Jodocus Hondius. The 1645 map Regiones Sub Polo Arctico by Joan Blaeu shows the name "C. Worsnam". On the 1743 map Chart of Hudson's Bay & Straits, Baffin's Bay, Davis Strait and Labrador by C. Middelton "C. Walsingham" is shown. "Cape St. Louis" appeared on the map of Canada or New France and the discoveries made by Guillaume Delisle in 1703.
