Car crusher

{{Short description|Industrial device used to reduce size of cars}}

A car crusher is an industrial device used to reduce the dimensions of derelict (depreciated) cars prior to transport for recycling. Image:Car_crushing_machine_being_operated_in_St._Louis,_MO.jpg]]

Image:Car_exiting_crusher.jpg

Historically, because scrap cars were too big and bulky to transport to the sites that turned them into reusable material, and the cost to transport them was uneconomical because, at times, it would cost more to send it than the car was worth, because transportation costs were determined by weight. Since uncrushed cars were less dense and took up more space, even for a short haul, the scrap cars were worth less than it cost to deliver them.

File:Illegal cockling results in vehicles seized and crushed.webm

Cars can be crushed either dropping heavy weights onto them, using an excavator bucket or mechanical grab, but these rudimentary means can be time consuming and produces inconsistent scrap sizes. By contrast, having a dedicated car crushing machine speeds up the compacting process and results in more uniform scrap bundles.

Types of car crushers

Car crushers are essentially a type of hydraulic compactor and subdivide into two basic types; the pancake crusher where the vehicle is flattened vertically into a slab, or the baler which crushes and compresses the vehicle from several directions into a dense rectangular cube or 'bale'.

Both types can be mounted onto a semi trailer - the transportable mobile car crusher - to allow it to crush and collect vehicles from multiple junkyards who do not own their own machine.

Shredding machines also have a crushing action which will reduce the height of the vehicle before it is finally pulverised into fragments by spinning rotors.

= Car crushing machine =

One of the first car crushing machines was invented by Allen B. Sharp and Richard A. Hull, both assignors to Al-Jon Incorporated located in Ottumwa, Iowa. The patent for the machine was filed on March 22, 1965, and patented on August 16, 1966. This United States Patent was primarily examined by Walter A. Scheel.{{US patent|3266413}}

With this car crushing machine, a car is fed through a hydraulically powered jaw and is slowly flattened as it goes through, similar to how a pasta machine flattens pasta dough. The car scraps are flattened into dimensions of six inches tall by five to six feet wide, similar to the length of its original size. The design of this machine is meant to be portable so it can move to anywhere cars have been gathered by being within the legal size of highway transport. The machine can be operated by a single person.

= Mobile car crusher =

The mobile car crusher was invented by Charlie Roy Hall in the city of Wadley, Georgia in the year 1996 and was patented on August 12, 1997. The primary examiner of this United States patent was Stephen F. Gerrity.{{US patent|5655443}} As a condensed version of a standard car crusher, a mobile car crusher has a smaller opening with lower output, so it can crush only smaller sized, C-class cars. This machine is mobile as a result of its dual functions: a travel mode for highways, which is when the hydraulic cylinder guiding posts are lowered, and a working mode, when the hydraulic cylinder guiding posts are raised. There are two guiding posts on either side of the machine, with hydraulic cylinders inside of them. The guiding posts protect the hydraulic cylinders from external interference. The hydraulic cylinders are what is used to apply pressure to the car, with a crusher hood to spread the pressure evenly and crush the entirety of the car. A heavy-duty lowboy trailer is attached to the bottom of the mobile car crusher and can be transported only using a semi-trailer truck. Due to the increase in car production, scrap metal became high in demand, so the mobile car crusher was made to increase efficiency of gathering scrap metal. Lifespans of cars were also decreasing, so the number of cars being sent to large centralized car crushing facilities rose. Consequently, facilities needed to outsource to mobile car crushers so they could keep up with the increased volume of automobiles.

= Baling press =

Baling presses are used for the compaction of general scrap material, but are popularly used for automobile bodyshells. They generally consist of two hydraulically powered hinged "wings", which fold the vehicle in half, pressing it into a rectangular "log". Once the wings are fully closed, pusher plates, again powered by hydraulics, squeeze the log along its axis from one or both ends until a dense cube or "bale" is formed, which is then either ejected from a door at the end of the machine or removed by a crane. Some baling presses have a guillotine shear which chops the bale or log into smaller pieces. Baling presses, like mobile car crushers, can be mounted on a semi-trailer so that it can be transported between automobile recycling yards. The bales are then forwarded on to an automobile shredding plant for further processing.

As the compacted bales can be too dense for shredding plants to handle, they are often fed through a pre-shredder or "bale breaker". The bale is sent through two large contrarotating spiked wheels which literally pull the bale apart and shear it into smaller pieces. Entire cars can be fed through a pre-shredding plant as an alternative to baling. This is done at some metal processing yards.

= Scrap shredder =

See main articles: Hammermill and Automotive shredder residue

Shredders are normally the final stage of the destruction of a derelict automobile which pulverise it to fist-sized pieces - and come in two main forms - the first is essentially a scaled up version of a domestic paper shredder which employs two contrarotating rotors which turn continuously, shearing the vehicle and tearing it up into pieces. The other type are industrial shredding plants which are usually built on a very large scale - these employ a giant pair of rollers which flatten the hulk and feed it into the main hammermill. Shredders can either accept the vehicle hulk in its original uncrushed state directly, or the flattened or baled vehicles from primary crushing processes can also be fed into them.

Car crushers in popular culture

Car crushers have been popular in films as devices of murder or humour. They have appeared in such well known films as Goldfinger (destroying a Lincoln Continental with a body inside{{cite web |title=Goldfinger (1964) - Car Tailing Scene |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHvIv01QNhA |website=YouTube |access-date=20 July 2022}}), Cleopatra Jones, National Lampoon's Vacation,{{cite web |title=Vacation Car Dealer |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HD6NCnwNQk4 |website=YouTube |access-date=20 July 2022}} I'll Never Forget What's'isname, Kick-Ass, Superman III,{{cite web |title=Superman lll Superman vs Clark Part 2 HD |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfe5drzybRU |website=YouTube |access-date=20 July 2022}} Gone in 60 Seconds,{{cite web |title=Car Crush Scene Gone in 60 Seconds (2000) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gcFy9GwuXU |website=YouTube |access-date=20 July 2022}} Pulp Fiction, Strul, Mickey One, and many others.

They have also appeared in several television shows including Mathnet's "The Case of the Great Car Robbery". Joe Howard's character, George Frankly hid in a to-be-stolen car, and the other characters thought he was still in the car after it was flattened by the crusher.

A car crusher was used to dispose of Walt and Jesse's RV containing a mobile meth lab in season three of Breaking Bad.

A car crusher appeared in the junkyard scene of the Kushner-Locke/Disney film The Brave Little Toaster.

A car crusher also appears in the video games Grand Theft Auto 2 where it generates power-ups depending on car model and is also used in an assassination mission. It also appears in Grand Theft Auto III, Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories and Mafia II where the player can make money from stealing cars and taking them to the crusher.

A car crusher also featured in Need for Speed: The Run, where the protagonist is seen tied to the steering wheel of his Porsche 911 (997), which is in a junkyard and dropped into a crusher as a method of being killed by a criminal organization known as "The Mob". He is about to be crushed to death, but he manages to untie himself and escape the crusher. He sneaks out and steals an Audi RS4 in order to escape, but he is chased by multiple Porsche Cayennes in use by The Mob, from which he is able to escape.

A car crusher also appeared in the Drake music video of "Family Matters." As part of the Drake–Kendrick Lamar feud, the car crusher in the video is shown crushing a red van that matches the van on the cover artwork of Kendrick Lamar's album, Good Kid, M.A.A.D City.

References

External links

[https://books.google.com/books?id=xSgDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&pg=PA61 "Where Old Cars Meet Their End And Start Over", November 1930, Popular Science] bottom of page 61 shows the first type car crusher in action
[https://books.google.com/books?id=QCgDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+1930&pg=PA119 "Giant Press Bales Autos."] Popular Science, August 1948, p.119.
[https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ef/f5/e7/05aa62fd503582/US3266413.pdf Car Crushing Machine Patent]
[https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/e3/c7/cd/50cfea4ddec2b7/US5655443.pdf Mobile Car Crusher Patent]

Category:Vehicle recycling