Login
Login

Carcharhiniformes

{{Short description|Order of sharks}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Ground sharks

| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Bathonian|present}}

| image = Carcharhinus isodon.jpg

| image_caption = A finetooth shark, Carcharhinus isodon

| display_parents = 3

| taxon = Carcharhiniformes

| authority = Compagno, 1977

}}

File:Carcharhinus acronotus nefsc.jpg, have a nictitating membrane which can be drawn over the eye to protect it.]]

Carcharhiniformes ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|ɑːr|k|ə|ˌ|r|aɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}}; {{etymology|grc|{{wikt-lang|grc|καρχαρός}} ({{grc-transl|καρχαρός}})|sharp, jagged||{{wikt-lang|grc|ῥινός}} ({{grc-transl|ῥινός}})|nose|la|{{wikt-lang|la|forme}}|shape}}), commonly called ground sharks, are the largest order of sharks, with over 270 species. They include a number of common types, such as catsharks, swellsharks, and requiem sharks.

Members of this order are characterized by the presence of a nictitating membrane over the eye, two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.

The families in the order Carcharhiniformes are expected to be revised; recent DNA studies show that some of the conventional groups are not monophyletic.

The oldest members of the order appeared during the Middle-Late Jurassic, which have teeth and body forms that are morphologically similar to living catsharks.{{Cite journal |last1=Stumpf |first1=Sebastian |last2=Scheer |first2=Udo |last3=Kriwet |first3=Jürgen |date=2019-03-04 |title=A new genus and species of extinct ground shark, †Diprosopovenator hilperti, gen. et sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes, †Pseudoscyliorhinidae, fam. nov.), from the Upper Cretaceous of Germany |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=e1593185 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1593185 |bibcode=2019JVPal..39E3185S |issn=0272-4634 |doi-access=free |s2cid=155785248|url=https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/detail/o:1049553.pdf }} Carchariniformes first underwent major diversification during the Late Cretaceous, initially as mostly small-sized forms, before radiating into medium and large body sizes during the Cenozoic.{{Cite journal |last1=Condamine |first1=Fabien L. |last2=Romieu |first2=Jules |last3=Guinot |first3=Guillaume |date=2019-10-08 |title=Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=116 |issue=41 |pages=20584–20590 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1902693116 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=6789557 |pmid=31548392 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11620584C |doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Brée |first1=Baptiste |last2=Condamine |first2=Fabien L. |last3=Guinot |first3=Guillaume |date=2022-12-19 |title=Combining palaeontological and neontological data shows a delayed diversification burst of carcharhiniform sharks likely mediated by environmental change |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=21906 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-26010-7 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9763247 |pmid=36535995|bibcode=2022NatSR..1221906B }}

Families

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes classifies the Carcharhiniformes into two suborders and nine families:{{cite web |url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/ |title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification |access-date=24 October 2024 |work=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes |publisher=California Academy of Sciences}}

O'Neill]] & Naylor, 2024 (bristle sharks)

= Fossil genera =

The following fossil genera of Carcharhiniformes are also known:{{Cite web |title=Extinct - valid species {{!}} Species {{!}} Shark-References |url=https://shark-references.com/species/listValidFossil/A |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=shark-references.com}}

References

{{Reflist|33em}}

Further reading

  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2013) [http://www.fishbase.org/identification/familieslist.php?ordnum=8&areacode=&classnum=4&c_code= Fish Identification: Ground sharks] in FishBase. March 2013 version.
  • {{cite journal

|last=Sepkoski

|first=Jack

|title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera

|journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology

|volume=364

|page=560

|year=2002

|url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class

|access-date=2011-05-17

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170834/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=575&rank=class

|archive-date=2012-05-10

}}

External links

  • [http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/shark_profiles/carcharhiniformes.htm Order Carcharhiniformes]

{{Chondrichthyes}}

{{Carcharhiniformes}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q48178}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

Category:Cartilaginous fish orders

Category:Taxa named by Leonard Compagno

Category:Extant Albian first appearances