Cardiochilinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of wasps}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Schoenlandella sp.jpg

| image_caption = Schoenlandella sp.

| taxon = Cardiochilinae

}}

The Cardiochilinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps. This subfamily has been treated as a tribe of Microgastrinae in the past. Some species including Toxoneuron nigriceps have been used in biocontrol programs.{{Cite book|url=http://www.sharkeylab.org/sharkeylab/docs/posts/web/Manual%20of%20the%20New%20World%20Genera%20of%20Braconidae.pdf|title=Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera)|last1=Wharton|first1=Robert A.|last2=Marsh|first2=Paul M.|last3=Sharkey|first3=Michael J.|publisher=The International Society of Hymenopterists|year=1997|location=Washington DC|pages=69|archive-date=2023-08-03|access-date=2017-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803082239/http://www.sharkeylab.org/sharkeylab/docs/posts/web/Manual%20of%20the%20New%20World%20Genera%20of%20Braconidae.pdf|url-status=dead}}

Description and distribution

Cardiochilines are non-cyclostome braconids with a similar appearance to Microgastrines. They possess the r-m vein of the forewing and have more than 16 flagellomeres.

Cardiochilines can be found worldwide.

Biology

Cardiochilinae are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of caterpillars. Female Cardiochilinae inject a polydnavirus into the host during oviposition.{{Cite journal|last1=Murphy|first1=Nicholas|last2=Banks|first2=Jonathan C.|last3=Whitfield|first3=James B.|last4=Austin|first4=Andrew D.|date=2008-04-01|title=Phylogeny of the parasitic microgastroid subfamilies (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on sequence data from seven genes, with an improved time estimate of the origin of the lineage|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=47|issue=1|pages=378–395|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.022|pmid=18325792|bibcode=2008MolPE..47..378M }}

References

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